{"id":584,"date":"2016-04-11T20:19:44","date_gmt":"2016-04-11T12:19:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/?p=584"},"modified":"2025-08-20T13:38:54","modified_gmt":"2025-08-20T05:38:54","slug":"linux%e8%be%93%e5%85%a5%e8%be%93%e5%87%ba%e9%94%99%e8%af%af%e9%87%8d%e5%ae%9a%e5%90%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/jishu\/linux\/linux%e8%be%93%e5%85%a5%e8%be%93%e5%87%ba%e9%94%99%e8%af%af%e9%87%8d%e5%ae%9a%e5%90%91\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Linux\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u662f\u6307\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u6765\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5bf9\u539f\u6765\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6267\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6211\u4e0d\u60f3\u770b\u5230\u5728\u663e\u793a\u5668\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u800c\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u67d0\u4e00\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7Linux\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Linux\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8f93\u5165\u662f\u952e\u76d8\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u663e\u793a\u5668\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u7528wc\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u672c\u6765\u662f\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u5b57\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u4e86\u91cd\u5b9a \u5411\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5199\u597d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7528\u2018&lt;\u2019\u6307\u5411\u8fd9\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7edf\u8ba1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u7b49\u4e86\u3002\u8f93\u51fa\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5c4f\u5e55\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6 \u91cc\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u53bb\u770b\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5c06\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u4ece\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5176\u8f93\u5165\u6216\u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u79f0\u4e3a\u53e5\u67c4;\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u53e5\u67c4\u6709\u4e09 \u79cd\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u53e5\u67c4\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7684OS\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u53e5\u67c4 \u53e5\u67c4\u4ee3\u53f7 \u53e5\u67c4\u63cf\u8ff0<\/p>\n<p>STDIN 0 \u952e\u76d8\u8f93\u5165<\/p>\n<p>STDOUT 1 \u8f93\u51fa\u4fe1\u606f\u5230\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u7a97\u53e3<\/p>\n<p>STDERR 2 \u8f93\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u5230\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u7a97\u53e3<\/p>\n<p>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684 &lt; \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u8f93\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u662f 0\uff0c\u800c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684 &gt; \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u8f93\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u662f 1\u3002\u952e\u5165 &lt; \u6216 &gt; \u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6307\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u53e5\u67c4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u73b0\u6709\u53e5\u67c4\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e &amp; \u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u63a5\u8981\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u53e5\u67c4\u53f7(\u5373 &amp;\u53e5\u67c4\u53f7)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u53e5\u67c4 2(\u5373 STDERR)\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u53e5\u67c4 1(\u5373 STDOUT)\uff1a2&gt;&amp;1<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u8868\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff1a<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" width=\"596\" cellspacing=\"1\" cellpadding=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Linux\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26<\/td>\n<td>\u529f\u80fd\u63cf\u8ff0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&gt;<\/td>\n<td>\u5c06\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u6216\u53e5\u67c4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&lt;<\/td>\n<td>\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u952e\u76d8\u6216\u53e5\u67c4\u8bfb\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u5165<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&gt;&gt;<\/td>\n<td>\u5c06\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\u800c\u4e0d\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&gt;&amp;<\/td>\n<td>\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e5\u67c4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5199\u5165\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e5\u67c4\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&lt;&amp;<\/td>\n<td>\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e5\u67c4\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f93\u5165\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5199\u5165\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e5\u67c4\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>|<\/td>\n<td>\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f93\u51fa\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5199\u5165\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d;\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u7ba1\u9053\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u8fc7\u5934\u6765\u770b\u770b\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u90a3\u6761\u8bed\u53e5mysh &gt; mylog.txt 2&gt;&amp;1\u5c31\u53ef\u660e\u767d\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>&gt; mylog.txt\u610f\u601d\u662f\u5c06\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230mylog.txt\uff0c\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8emysh 1&gt; mylog.txt;<\/p>\n<p>2 &gt;&amp; 1 \u610f\u601d\u662f\u5c06\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u53e5\u67c41\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa;\u7efc\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u5c31\u662fmysh\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230mylog.txt\u4e2d;<\/p>\n<p>\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5341\u5206\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u524d\u540e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53d8\u4e0b\u4f1a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7ed3\u679c\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u67d0\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u8bb0\u5f55\u4ec0\u4e48\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u6216\u8005\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u90a3\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528mysh &gt;null 2&gt;null\u6216\u8005mysh &gt;\/dev\/null 2&gt;\/dev\/null;<\/p>\n<p><strong>I\/O\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u8be6\u89e3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1\u3001 \u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5(\u8fd9\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u540e\u9762\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u8bf7\u52a1\u5fc5\u7406\u89e3)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>a\u3001 I\/O\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e FD\u6709\u5173\uff0cshell\u7684FD\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a10\u4e2a\uff0c\u5373 0\uff5e9;<\/li>\n<li>b\u3001 \u5e38\u7528FD\u67093\u4e2a\uff0c\u4e3a0(stdin\uff0c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165)\u30011(stdout\uff0c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa)\u30012(stderr\uff0c\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa)\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0ekeyboard\u3001monitor\u3001monitor\u6709\u5173;<\/li>\n<li>c\u3001 \u7528 &lt; \u6765\u6539\u53d8\u8bfb\u8fdb\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4fe1\u9053(stdin)\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u4ece\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6863\u6848\u8bfb\u8fdb;<\/li>\n<li>d\u3001 \u7528 &gt; \u6765\u6539\u53d8\u9001\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4fe1\u9053(stdout, stderr)\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6863\u6848;<\/li>\n<li>e\u3001 0 \u662f &lt; \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 &lt; \u4e0e 0&lt;\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684;\u540c\u7406\uff0c&gt; \u4e0e 1&gt; \u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684;<\/li>\n<li>f\u3001 \u5728IO\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411 \u4e2d\uff0cstdout \u4e0e stderr \u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u4f1a\u5148\u51c6\u5907\u597d\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u4ece stdin \u8bfb\u8fdb\u8d44\u6599;<\/li>\n<li>g\u3001 \u7ba1\u9053\u201c|\u201d(pipe line):\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684 stdout \u63a5\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684 stdin;<\/li>\n<li>h\u3001 tee \u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u539f\u672c I\/O \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c06 stdout \u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4efd\u5230\u6863\u6848\u53bb;<\/li>\n<li>i\u3001 bash(ksh)\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a\u5206\u6790\u547d\u4ee4-\u53d8\u91cf\u6c42\u503c-\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u4ee3(\u201c\u548c$)-\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411-\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u5c55\u5f00-\u786e\u5b9a\u8def\u5f84-\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4;<\/li>\n<li>j\u3001 \u5c06 command group \u7f6e\u4e8e sub-shell \u53bb\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0 nested sub-shell\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7279\u6027\u662f\uff1a\u7ee7\u627f\u7236shell\u7684Standard input, output, and error plus any other open file descriptors\u3002<\/li>\n<li>k\u3001 exec \u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u66ff\u4ee3\u5f53\u524d shell \u5e76\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a shell\uff0c\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u542f\u52a8\u5b50 shell\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u4efb\u4f55\u73b0\u6709\u73af\u5883\u90fd\u5c06\u4f1a\u88ab\u6e05\u9664\u3002exec \u5728\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0cexec \u4e0d\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u4f60\u5f53\u524d\u7684 shell \u73af\u5883\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2\u3001 \u57fa\u672cIO<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>cmd &gt; file \u628a stdout \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230 file \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d;<\/li>\n<li>cmd &gt;&gt; file \u628a stdout \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230 file \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d(\u8ffd\u52a0);<\/li>\n<li>cmd 1&gt; fiel \u628a stdout \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230 file \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d;<\/li>\n<li>cmd &gt; file 2&gt;&amp;1 \u628a stdout \u548c stderr \u4e00\u8d77\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230 file \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d;<\/li>\n<li>cmd 2&gt; file \u628a stderr \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230 file \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d;<\/li>\n<li>cmd 2&gt;&gt; file \u628a stderr \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230 file \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d(\u8ffd\u52a0);<\/li>\n<li>cmd &gt;&gt; file 2&gt;&amp;1 \u628a stderr \u548c stderr \u4e00\u8d77\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230 file \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d(\u8ffd\u52a0);<\/li>\n<li>cmd &lt; file &gt;file2 cmd \u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5 file \u6587\u4ef6\u4f5c\u4e3a stdin\uff0c\u4ee5 file2 \u6587\u4ef6\u4f5c\u4e3a stdout;<\/li>\n<li>cat &lt;&gt;file \u4ee5\u8bfb\u5199\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00 file;<\/li>\n<li>cmd &lt; file cmd \u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5 file \u6587\u4ef6\u4f5c\u4e3a stdin;<\/li>\n<li>cmd &lt;&lt; delimiter Here document\uff0c\u4ece stdin \u4e2d\u8bfb\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u9047\u5230 delimiter \u5206\u754c\u7b26\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>3\u3001 \u8fdb\u9636IO<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&gt;&amp;n \u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528 dup (2) \u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 n \u5e76\u628a\u7ed3\u679c\u7528\u4f5c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa;<\/li>\n<li>&lt;&amp;n \u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u590d\u5236\u81ea\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 n;<\/li>\n<li>&lt;&amp;- \u5173\u95ed\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165(\u952e\u76d8);<\/li>\n<li>&gt;&amp;- \u5173\u95ed\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa;<\/li>\n<li>n&lt;&amp;- \u8868\u793a\u5c06 n \u53f7\u8f93\u5165\u5173\u95ed;<\/li>\n<li>n&gt;&amp;- \u8868\u793a\u5c06 n \u53f7\u8f93\u51fa\u5173\u95ed;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6240\u6709\u5f62\u5f0f\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u524d\u5bfc\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u7531\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u6307\u5b9a\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7f3a\u7701\u7684 0 \u6216 1\u3002\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2026 2&gt;file \u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5e76\u628a\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa(\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 2)\u5b9a\u5411\u5230 file\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2026 2&gt;&amp;1 \u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5e76\u628a\u5b83\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u5408\u5e76\u3002(\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u8bf4\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 1 \u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 2 \uff0c\u4f46\u6548\u679c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5408\u5e76\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u6d41\u3002)<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9 2&gt;&amp;1\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u4e0b \uff1a2&gt;&amp;1 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f FD2=FD1 \uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4FD2 \u7684\u503c \u7b49\u4e8eFD1\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a &gt; \u662f\u6539\u53d8\u9001\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4fe1\u9053\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u628a FD2 \u7684 \u201c\u6570\u636e\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\u201d \u6539\u4e3a FD1 \u7684 \u201c\u6570\u636e\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6539\u53d8\u597d\u50cf\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a FD2 \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8f93\u51fa\u548c FD1\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8f93\u51fa\u672c\u6765\u90fd\u662f monitor\uff0c\u4e00\u6837\u7684!\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f53 FD1 \u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5176\u4ed6 FD \u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7528\u9014\u4e86\u3002\u8bf7\u5927\u5bb6\u52a1\u5fc5\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<ol class=\"dp-xml\">\n<li class=\"alt\">exec\u00a00exec\u00a01<span class=\"tag\">&gt;<\/span>outfilename\u00a0#\u00a0\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6outfilename\u4f5c\u4e3astdout\u3002<\/li>\n<li>exec\u00a02<span class=\"tag\">&gt;<\/span>errfilename\u00a0#\u00a0\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u00a0errfilename\u4f5c\u4e3a\u00a0stderr\u3002<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">exec\u00a00<span class=\"tag\">&lt;<\/span>&amp;-\u00a0#\u00a0\u5173\u95ed\u00a0FD0\u3002<\/li>\n<li>exec\u00a01<span class=\"tag\">&gt;<\/span>&amp;-\u00a0#\u00a0\u5173\u95ed\u00a0FD1\u3002<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">exec\u00a05<span class=\"tag\">&gt;<\/span>&amp;-\u00a0#\u00a0\u5173\u95ed\u00a0FD5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86Linux\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u6587\u51fa\u81ea\u3010\u6bd4\u7279\u7f51\u3011\uff0c\u8f6c\u8f7d\u8bf7\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1ahttps:\/\/soft.chinabyte.com\/os\/451\/11757951.shtml<\/p>\n<p><strong>1\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1.1 \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7b26\u53f7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&gt; \u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u8bbe\u5907 \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6765\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>&gt; ! \u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u8bbe\u5907 \u5f3a\u5236\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6765\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>&gt;&gt; \u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u8bbe\u5907 \u8ffd\u52a0\u539f\u6765\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>&lt; \u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.2\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7b26\u53f7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2&gt; \u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u8bbe\u5907 \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6765\u7684\u6587\u4ef6 b-shell<\/p>\n<p>2&gt;&gt; \u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u8bbe\u5907 \u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u539f\u6765\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>2&gt;&amp;1 \u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa \u6ce8\u91ca:1 \u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u4ee3\u8868 \u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa<\/p>\n<p>&gt;&amp; \u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u8bbe\u5907 \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6765\u7684\u6587\u4ef6 c-shell<\/p>\n<p>|&amp; \u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef \u7ba1\u9053 \u8f93\u9001 \u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.3\u547d\u4ee4\u91cd\u5bfc\u5411\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728 bash \u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u8f93\u51fa\u5165\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\uff1b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e3a 0 \uff1b\u6216\u79f0\u4e3a stdin \uff1b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a &lt;&lt;BR&gt;<\/li>\n<li>2. \u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a\u4ee3\u7801\u4e3a 1 \uff1b\u6216\u79f0\u4e3a stdout\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a 1&gt;<\/li>\n<li>3. \u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a\u4ee3\u7801\u4e3a 2 \uff1b\u6216\u79f0\u4e3a stderr\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a 2&gt;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol class=\"dp-xml\">\n<li class=\"alt\">[test\u00a0@test\u00a0test]#\u00a0ls\u00a0-al\u00a0<span class=\"tag\">&gt;<\/span>\u00a0list.txt<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8f93\u51fa\u5230 list.txt \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u82e5\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u4e88\u4ee5\u53d6\u4ee3\uff01<\/p>\n<ol class=\"dp-xml\">\n<li class=\"alt\">[test\u00a0@test\u00a0test]#\u00a0ls\u00a0-al\u00a0<span class=\"tag\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"tag\">&gt;<\/span>\u00a0list.txt<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u7d2f\u52a0\u5230 list.txt \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3a\u7d2f\u52a0\u7684\uff0c\u65e7\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u7559\uff01<\/p>\n<ol class=\"dp-xml\">\n<li class=\"alt\">[test\u00a0@test\u00a0test]#\u00a0ls\u00a0-al\u00a01<span class=\"tag\">&gt;<\/span>\u00a0list.txt\u00a02<span class=\"tag\">&gt;<\/span>\u00a0list.err<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5230 list.txt \u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8f93\u51fa\u5230 list.err<\/p>\n<ol class=\"dp-xml\">\n<li class=\"alt\">[test\u00a0@test\u00a0test]#\u00a0ls\u00a0-al\u00a01<span class=\"tag\">&gt;<\/span>\u00a0list.txt\u00a02<span class=\"tag\">&gt;<\/span>\u00a0&amp;1<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u6b63\u786e\u6216\u9519\u8bef\u5747\u8f93\u51fa\u5230 list.txt \u5f53\u4e2d\uff01\u9519\u8bef\u4e0e\u6b63\u786e\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5199\uff01\u4e0d\u80fd\u5199\u6210\u5176\u5b83\u683c\u5f0f\uff01<\/p>\n<ol class=\"dp-xml\">\n<li class=\"alt\">[test\u00a0@test\u00a0test]#\u00a0ls\u00a0-al\u00a01<span class=\"tag\">&gt;<\/span>\u00a0list.txt\u00a02<span class=\"tag\">&gt;<\/span>\u00a0\/dev\/null<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5230 list.txt \u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5219\u4e88\u4ee5\u4e22\u5f03\uff01 \/dev\/null \uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u6210\u662f\u9ed1\u6d1e\u88c5\u7f6e\u3002\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.4\u4e3a\u4f55\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5bfc\u5411<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u5f53\u5c4f\u5e55\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u4ed6\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u80cc\u666f\u6267\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u4ed6\u5e72\u6270\u5c4f\u5e55\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u65f6\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u4e00\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4f8b\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5199\u5728 \/etc\/crontab \u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u7684\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\u65f6\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u4e00\u4e9b\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u8baf\u606f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u60f3\u4ee5\u300e 2&gt; \/dev\/null \u300f\u5c06\u4ed6\u4e22\u6389\u65f6\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u9519\u8bef\u8baf\u606f\u4e0e\u6b63\u786e\u8baf\u606f\u9700\u8981\u5206\u522b\u8f93\u51fa\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2 \u7ba1\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4 ( pipe )<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u524d\u9762\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c bash \u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6709\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u7fa4\u6570\u636e\u5fc5\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u51e0\u9053\u624b\u7eed\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u6765\u8bbe\u5b9a\uff1f\u8fd9\u5c31\u7275\u6d89\u5230\u7ba1\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\uff08 pipe \uff09\uff0c\u7ba1\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u300e | \u300f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7ba1\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u8bfb\u53d6 last \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a root \u767b\u5165\u7684\u300e\u6b21\u6570\u300f\u5e94\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u4f5c\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u6240\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u6267\u884c last \uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u767b\u5165\u6570\u636e\u53d6\u51fa\u6765\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>2. \u4f7f\u7528 grep \u5c06\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\uff08stdout\uff09\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684 root \u64b7\u53d6\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u4e0d\u8981\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>3. \u4f7f\u7528 wc \u8fd9\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u884c\u6570\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u5c06\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8ba1\u7b97\u884c\u6570\uff01<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e last \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u4e00\u884c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u6b21\u767b\u5165\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u8981\u8ba1\u7b97\u51e0\u884c\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u767b\u5165\u51e0\u6b21\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u7ecf\u7531\u4e0a\u9762\u4e09\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u5c06 last \u6570\u636e\u9010\u6b65\u7684\u7b5b\u9009\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e86\uff01\u6574\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u6210\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol class=\"dp-xml\">\n<li class=\"alt\">[test\u00a0@test\u00a0bin]#\u00a0last\u00a0|\u00a0grep\u00a0root\u00a0|\u00a0wc\u00a0-l<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ba1\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u300e | \u300f\u4ec5\u80fd\u5904\u7406\u7ecf\u7531\u524d\u9762\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u4f20\u6765\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fstandard output ( STDOUT ) \u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e stdandard error \u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u5904\u7406\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.1\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7ba1\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u6307\u4ee4\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022 cut<\/p>\n<p>\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a[root @test \/root ]# cut -d \u201c\u5206\u9694\u5b57\u7b26\u201d [-cf] fields<\/p>\n<p>\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>-d \uff1a\u540e\u9762\u63a5\u7684\u662f\u7528\u6765\u5206\u9694\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u9884\u8bbe\u662f\u300e\u7a7a\u683c\u7b26\u300f<\/p>\n<p>-c \uff1a\u540e\u9762\u63a5\u7684\u662f\u300e\u7b2c\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u300f<\/p>\n<p>-f \uff1a\u540e\u9762\u63a5\u7684\u662f\u7b2c\u51e0\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u8303\u4f8b\uff1a[root @test \/root]# cat \/etc\/passwd | cut -d \u201c:\u201d -f 1<\/p>\n<p>\u5c06 passwd \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u91cc\u5934\u7684 : \u7528\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u9694\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u5217\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\uff01\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u59d3\u540d\u6240\u5728\u5566\uff01<\/p>\n<p>[root @test \/root]# last | cut -c1-20<\/p>\n<p>\u5c06 last \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u7684 1-20 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u53d6\u51fa\u6765\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 sort<\/p>\n<p>\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a[root @test \/root ]# sort [-t \u5206\u9694\u7b26] [(+\u8d77\u59cb)(-\u7ed3\u675f)] [-nru]<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>-t \u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u6765\u9694\u5f00\u4e0d\u540c\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u9884\u8bbe\u662f tab<\/p>\n<p>+start -end\uff1a\u7531\u7b2c start \u533a\u95f4\u6392\u5e8f\u5230 end \u533a\u95f4<\/p>\n<p>-n \uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u300e\u7eaf\u6570\u5b57\u300f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6587\u5b57\u578b\u6001\u6765\u6392\u5e8f\uff09<\/p>\n<p>-r \uff1a\u53cd\u5411\u6392\u5e8f<\/p>\n<p>-u \uff1a\u76f8\u540c\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e00\u6b21\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u8303\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol class=\"dp-xml\">\n<li class=\"alt\">[root\u00a0@test\u00a0\/root]#\u00a0cat\u00a0\/etc\/passwd\u00a0|\u00a0sort\u5c06\u5217\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d26\u53f7\u6392\u5e8f\uff01<\/li>\n<li>[root\u00a0@test\u00a0\/root]#\u00a0cat\u00a0\/etc\/passwd\u00a0|\u00a0sort\u00a0-t:\u00a0+2n\u5c06\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d26\u53f7\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u00a0ID\u00a0\u6765\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u4ee5\u00a0:\u00a0\u6765\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3a\u00a0ID\u00a0\uff0c\u4f46\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u53f7\u4e3a\u00a00\u00a0\u4e4b\u6545\uff09<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">[root\u00a0@test\u00a0\/root]#\u00a0cat\u00a0\/etc\/passwd\u00a0|\u00a0sort\u00a0-t:\u00a0+2nr\u53cd\u76f8\u6392\u5e8f\u5570\uff01<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u2022 wc<\/p>\n<p>\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a[root @test \/root ]# wc [-lmw]<\/p>\n<p>\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>-l \uff1a\u591a\u5c11\u884c<\/p>\n<p>-m \uff1a\u591a\u5c11\u5b57\u7b26<\/p>\n<p>-w \uff1a\u591a\u5c11\u5b57<\/p>\n<p>\u8303\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol class=\"dp-xml\">\n<li class=\"alt\">[root\u00a0@test\u00a0\/root]#\u00a0cat\u00a0\/etc\/passwd\u00a0|\u00a0wc\u00a0-l\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u5934\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u884c\uff1f<\/li>\n<li>[root\u00a0@test\u00a0\/root]#\u00a0cat\u00a0\/etc\/passwd\u00a0|\u00a0wc\u00a0-w\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u5934\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u5b57\uff01\uff1f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u2022 uniq\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u7528\u6765\u5c06\u300e\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u884c\u5220\u9664\u6389\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u300f<\/p>\n<p>\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a[root @test \/root ]# uniq<\/p>\n<p>\u8303\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol class=\"dp-xml\">\n<li class=\"alt\">[root\u00a0@test\u00a0\/root]#\u00a0last\u00a0|\u00a0cut\u00a0-d\u201d\u00a0\u201d\u00a0-f1\u00a0|\u00a0sort\u00a0|\u00a0uniq<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u2022 tee\u547d\u4ee4\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a<\/p>\n<p>\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a[root @test \/root ]# last | tee last.list | cut -d \u201d \u201d -f1<\/p>\n<p>\u8303\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol class=\"dp-xml\">\n<li class=\"alt\">[root\u00a0@test\u00a0\/root]#\u00a0last\u00a0|\u00a0tee\u00a0last.list\u00a0|\u00a0cut\u00a0-d\u00a0\u201d\u00a0\u201d\u00a0-f1<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u2022 tr<\/p>\n<p>\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a[root @test \/root ]# tr [-ds] SET1<\/p>\n<p>\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>-d \uff1a\u5220\u9664 SET1 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/p>\n<p>-s \uff1a\u53d6\u4ee3\u6389\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u8303\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol class=\"dp-xml\">\n<li class=\"alt\">[root\u00a0@test\u00a0\/root]#\u00a0last\u00a0|\u00a0tr\u00a0\u2018[a-z]\u2018\u00a0\u2018[A-Z]\u2018\u00a0<span class=\"tag\">&lt;<\/span>==\u5c06\u5c0f\u5199\u6539\u6210\u5927\u5199<\/li>\n<li>[root\u00a0@test\u00a0\/root]#\u00a0cat\u00a0\/etc\/passwd\u00a0|\u00a0tr\u00a0-d\u00a0:\u00a0<span class=\"tag\">&lt;<\/span>==\u00a0:\u00a0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b26\u53f7\u5728\u00a0\/etc\/passwd\u00a0\u4e2d\u4e0d\u89c1\u4e86\uff01<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">[root\u00a0@test\u00a0\/root]#\u00a0cat\u00a0\/home\/test\/dostxt\u00a0|\u00a0tr\u00a0-d\u00a0\u2018\\r\u2019\u00a0<span class=\"tag\">&gt;<\/span>\u00a0dostxt-noM<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u2022 split<\/p>\n<p>\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a[root @test \/root ]# split [-bl] \u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6 \u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u524d\u5bfc\u5b57\u7b26<\/p>\n<p>\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>-b \uff1a\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6 size \u6765\u5206<\/p>\n<p>-l \uff1a\u4ee5\u884c\u6570\u6765\u5206<\/p>\n<p>\u8303\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol class=\"dp-xml\">\n<li class=\"alt\">[root\u00a0@test\u00a0\/root]#\u00a0split\u00a0-l\u00a05\u00a0\/etc\/passwd\u00a0test\u00a0<span class=\"tag\">&lt;<\/span>==\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u00a0testaa,\u00a0testab,\u00a0testac\u2026\u00a0\u7b49\u7b49\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u5728 Linux \u5e95\u4e0b\u5c31\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u591a\u4e86\uff01\u4f60\u8981\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u5272\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4f7f\u7528 -b size \u6765\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5272\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u9650\u5236\u5176\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u884c\u6570\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4f7f\u7528 -l line \u6765\u5206\u5272\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u7ba1\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5728 bash \u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff01\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5728 log file \u7684\u5206\u6790\u5f53\u4e2d\u4e5f\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u73af\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ba1\u9053\u8f93\u9001\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u201d-\u201c \u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7684\u63a7\u5236.\u5982cat\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u793a\u4f8b<\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1ahttps:\/\/outofmemory.cn\/wr\/?u=http%3A%2F%2Fopkeep.com%2F<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Linux\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u662f\u6307\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u6765\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5bf9\u539f\u6765\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6267\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6211\u4e0d\u60f3\u770b\u5230\u5728\u663e\u793a &#8230; <a title=\"Linux\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/jishu\/linux\/linux%e8%be%93%e5%85%a5%e8%be%93%e5%87%ba%e9%94%99%e8%af%af%e9%87%8d%e5%ae%9a%e5%90%91\/\" aria-label=\"\u9605\u8bfb Linux\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\">\u9605\u8bfb\u66f4\u591a<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[38,151],"class_list":["post-584","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux","tag-linux","tag-151"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/584","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=584"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/584\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10023,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/584\/revisions\/10023"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=584"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=584"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=584"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}