{"id":571,"date":"2016-04-08T14:12:48","date_gmt":"2016-04-08T06:12:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/?p=571"},"modified":"2025-01-06T13:49:33","modified_gmt":"2025-01-06T05:49:33","slug":"%e4%bd%a0%e5%ba%94%e8%af%a5%e7%9f%a5%e9%81%93%e7%9a%8416%e4%b8%aalinux%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e7%9b%91%e6%8e%a7%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/jishu\/linux\/%e4%bd%a0%e5%ba%94%e8%af%a5%e7%9f%a5%e9%81%93%e7%9a%8416%e4%b8%aalinux%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e7%9b%91%e6%8e%a7%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\u768416\u4e2aLinux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u63a7\u547d\u4ee4"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"entry-content\">\n<p>\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684Linux\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684GUI\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u5404\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982SUSE Linux\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u68d2\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177YaST\uff0cKDE\u684c\u9762\u73af\u5883\u91cc\u7684KDE System Guard\u4e5f\u5f88\u4e0d\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u540dLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u8feb\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u53bb\u8fd0\u884c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684GUI\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8fd8\u662f\u56e0\u4e3aGUI\u4f1a\u5360\u7528\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u7cfb \u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5462\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528GUI\u5de5\u5177\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u662f\u505a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6392\u67e5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u771f\u7684\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\u771f\u6b63\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8bf7\u5173\u6389\u4f60\u7684GUI\uff0c\u5feb\u70b9\u8fdb\u5165Linux\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7684\u4e16\u754c \u5427\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5e0c\u671b\u8ffd\u6c42\u6700\u4f73\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e94\u8be5\u8fd0\u884c\u5728runlevel 3\u7ea7\u522b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u652f\u6301\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u591a\u7528\u6237\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u652f\u6301GUI\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u771f\u7684\u9700\u8981GUI\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8f93\u5165startx\u8fdb\u5165GUI\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5c31\u662f\u8fdb\u5165GUI\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u4e00\u8c03\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fdb\u5165runlevel 3\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1 \u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef\uff0csu\u5230root\u8d26\u53f7<\/li>\n<li>2 \u7528\u4f60\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff08vi\/emacs\/&#8230;\uff09\u6253\u5f00\/etc\/inittab\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>3 \u67e5\u627einitdefault\u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff0c\u5c06\u201cid:5:initdefault:\u201d\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a\u201cid:3:initdefault:\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\/etc\/inittab\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u521b\u5efa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u7684\u4e00\u884c\u201cid:3\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4f60\u518d\u91cd\u542f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4fbf\u4f1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fdb\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u53ea\u60f3\u5728\u4e34\u65f6\u8fdb\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u201cinit 3\u201d\u5c31\u597d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u201c\u5230\u5e95\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u91cc\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol class=\"dp-xml\">\n<li class=\"alt\">[01 &#8211; iostat ]<\/li>\n<li>[02\/03 &#8211; meminfo\/free ]<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">[04 &#8211; mpstat ]<\/li>\n<li>[05 &#8211; netstat ]<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">[06 &#8211; nmon ]<\/li>\n<li>[07 &#8211; pmap ]<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">[08\/09 &#8211; ps\/pstree ]<\/li>\n<li>[10 &#8211; sar ]<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">[11 &#8211; strace ]<\/li>\n<li>[12 &#8211; tcpdump ]<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">[13 &#8211; top ]<\/li>\n<li>[14 &#8211; uptime ]<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">[15 &#8211; vmstat ]<\/li>\n<li>[16 &#8211; wireshark ]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>[01 &#8211; iostat]<\/b><\/p>\n<p>iostat\u547d\u4ee4\u663e\u793a\u7684\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4f60\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u53bb\u68c0\u6d4b\u4f60\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907\u662f\u5426\u5de5\u4f5c\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7528\u6237\u62b1\u6028\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6162\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u53d1\u73b0\u7cfb\u7edfIO\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230iostat\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793aCPU\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6bcf\u4e2a\u78c1\u76d8\u7684IO\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<ol class=\"dp-xml\">\n<li class=\"alt\"># iostat 1<\/li>\n<li>Linux 2.6.32-220.4.1.el6.i686 (roclinux) 2012\u5e7412\u670822\u65e5 _i686_ (4 CPU)<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\"><\/li>\n<li>avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">0.55 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.00 99.40<\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">Device: tps Blk_read\/s Blk_wrtn\/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn<\/li>\n<li>sdb 0.41 2.61 5.76 2558664 5653872<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">sda 0.24 0.80 4.12 784650 4038344<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>[02\/03 &#8211; meminfo\/free]<\/b><\/p>\n<p>meminfo\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f88\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528cat\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol class=\"dp-xml\">\n<li class=\"alt\">cat \/proc\/meminfo<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5f53\u7136meminfo\u91cc\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u592a\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528free\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u6709\u5173\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n<ol class=\"dp-xml\">\n<li class=\"alt\"># free -m<\/li>\n<li>total used free shared buffers cached<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">Mem: 1513 1429 83 0 343 836<\/li>\n<li>-\/+ buffers\/cache: 249 1263<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">Swap: 0 0 0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>[04 &#8211; mpstat]<\/b><\/p>\n<p>mpstat\u7528\u5728\u591a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2aCPU\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\uff0cmpstat\u4e5f\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u72b6\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684CPU\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u7684CPU\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<ol class=\"dp-xml\">\n<li class=\"alt\"># mpstat -P ALL<\/li>\n<li>Linux 2.6.32-220.4.1.el6.i686 (roclinux) 2012\u5e7412\u670822\u65e5 _i686_ (4 CPU)<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\"><\/li>\n<li>17\u65f646\u520635\u79d2 CPU %usr %nice %sys %iowait %irq %soft %steal %guest %idle<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">17\u65f646\u520635\u79d2 all 0.55 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 99.40<\/li>\n<li>17\u65f646\u520635\u79d2 0 0.84 0.00 0.04 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 99.08<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">17\u65f646\u520635\u79d2 1 0.51 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 99.44<\/li>\n<li>17\u65f646\u520635\u79d2 2 0.45 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 99.51<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">17\u65f646\u520635\u79d2 3 0.40 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 99.56<\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\"># mpstat -P 0<\/li>\n<li>Linux 2.6.32-220.4.1.el6.i686 (roclinux) 2012\u5e7412\u670822\u65e5 _i686_ (4 CPU)<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\"><\/li>\n<li>17\u65f646\u520639\u79d2 CPU %usr %nice %sys %iowait %irq %soft %steal %guest %idle<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">17\u65f646\u520639\u79d2 0 0.84 0.00 0.04 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 99.08<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\u5404\u4e2a\u57df\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u7b80\u8ff0\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1 CPU\uff1a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e3aall\uff0c\u5219\u6b64\u884c\u8868\u793a\u7684\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u5e73\u5747\u503c<\/li>\n<li>2 %usr\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u6001\u7684CPU\u5229\u7528\u7387<\/li>\n<li>3 %nice\uff1a\u5177\u6709\u8c03\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6001CPU\u5229\u7528\u7387<\/li>\n<li>4 %sys\uff1a\u5185\u6838\u6001CPU\u5229\u7528\u7387\uff08\u6b64\u503c\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u54cd\u5e94\u786c\u4ef6\u4e2d\u65ad\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff09<\/li>\n<li>5 %iowait\uff1a\u5904\u7406IO\u8bf7\u6c42\u5bfc\u81f4CPU\u5904\u4e8eIDLE\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u767e\u5206\u6bd4<\/li>\n<li>6 %irq\uff1aCPU\u54cd\u5e94\u786c\u4ef6\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6bd4\u7387<\/li>\n<li>7 %soft\uff1aCPU\u54cd\u5e94\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6bd4\u7387<\/li>\n<li>8 %steal\uff1a\u5f53\u865a\u62df\u673a\u76d1\u63a7\u5668\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u865a\u62df\u5904\u7406\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u865a\u62dfCPU\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4\u6bd4\u7387<\/li>\n<li>9 %guest\uff1a\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u5904\u7406\u5668\u6240\u6d88\u8017\u7684CPU\u65f6\u95f4\u6bd4\u7387<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>[05 &#8211; netstat]<\/b><\/p>\n<p>netstat\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u662fLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u51e0\u4e4e\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u9010\u6b65\u5728\u88abss\u547d\u4ee4\u53d6\u4ee3\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u5f88\u591a\u6709\u5173\u7f51\u7edc\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982socket\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3001\u8def\u7531\u60c5\u51b5\u3001\u7f51\u5361\u60c5\u51b5\u3001\u534f\u8bae\u60c5\u51b5\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u7edf\u8ba1\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684netstat\u9009\u9879\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-a : \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709socke\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<li>-r : \u663e\u793a\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<li>-i : \u663e\u793a\u7f51\u5361\u501f\u53e3\u7edf\u8ba1<\/li>\n<li>-s : \u663e\u793a\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u7edf\u8ba1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>[06 &#8211; nmon]<\/b><\/p>\n<p>nmon\u662fNigel\u2019s Monitor\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u76d1\u89c6Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<p>nmon\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u5230\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5229\u7528\u7387\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u961f\u5217\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u78c1\u76d8IO\u7edf\u8ba1\u3001\u7f51\u7edcIO\u7edf\u8ba1\u3001\u6362\u9875\u7edf\u8ba1\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8ecurses\u7684\u7c7bGUI\u754c\u9762\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u5230\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/nmon.webp\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-8777\" src=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/nmon-300x192.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"192\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/nmon-300x192.webp 300w, https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/nmon.webp 665w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>nmon\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177<\/p>\n<p><b>[07 &#8211; pmap]<\/b><\/p>\n<p>pmap\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7pmap\u627e\u5230\u90a3\u4e2a\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u91cf\u6700\u591a\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4e0b\u5c31\u662fnignx\u4e3b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6240\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol class=\"dp-xml\">\n<li class=\"alt\"># pmap 2395|head -n 10<\/li>\n<li>2395: nginx: master process .\/sbin\/nginx<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">00110000 240K r-x&#8211; \/lib\/libgssapi_krb5.so.2.2<\/li>\n<li>0014c000 4K &#8212;&#8211; \/lib\/libgssapi_krb5.so.2.2<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">0014d000 4K r&#8212;- \/lib\/libgssapi_krb5.so.2.2<\/li>\n<li>0014e000 4K rw&#8212; \/lib\/libgssapi_krb5.so.2.2<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">0014f000 12K r-x&#8211; \/lib\/libcom_err.so.2.1<\/li>\n<li>00152000 4K r&#8212;- \/lib\/libcom_err.so.2.1<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">00153000 4K rw&#8212; \/lib\/libcom_err.so.2.1<\/li>\n<li>00154000 48K r-x&#8211; \/lib\/libnss_files-2.12.so<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">00160000 4K r&#8212;- \/lib\/libnss_files-2.12.so<\/li>\n<li>&#8230;<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">b78e4000 20K rw&#8212; [ anon ]<\/li>\n<li>b78f3000 4K rw-s- \/dev\/zero (deleted)<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">b78f4000 4K rw&#8212; [ anon ]<\/li>\n<li>bfeaa000 84K rw&#8212; [ stack ]<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">total 7280K<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>[08\/09 &#8211; ps\/pstree]<\/b><\/p>\n<p>ps\u548cpstree\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\u662f\u4e00\u5bf9\u597d\u5144\u5f1f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u7528\u6765\u5217\u51fa\u5904\u4e8e\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5217\u8868\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>ps\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u91cf\u4ee5\u53ca\u6240\u6d88\u8017\u7684CPU\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>pstree\u5219\u4f1a\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u7684\u7236\u5b50\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u4fbf\u662fmysql\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7236\u5b50\u5173\u7cfb\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol class=\"dp-xml\">\n<li class=\"alt\"># pstree -p 1829<\/li>\n<li>mysqld_safe(1829)\u2500\u2500\u2500mysqld(2307)\u2500\u252c\u2500{mysqld}(2309)<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">\u251c\u2500{mysqld}(2310)<\/li>\n<li>\u251c\u2500{mysqld}(2311)<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">\u251c\u2500{mysqld}(2312)<\/li>\n<li>\u251c\u2500{mysqld}(2313)<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">\u251c\u2500{mysqld}(2314)<\/li>\n<li>\u251c\u2500{mysqld}(2315)<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">\u251c\u2500{mysqld}(2316)<\/li>\n<li>\u251c\u2500{mysqld}(2317)<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">\u251c\u2500{mysqld}(2318)<\/li>\n<li>\u251c\u2500{mysqld}(2320)<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">\u251c\u2500{mysqld}(2321)<\/li>\n<li>\u251c\u2500{mysqld}(2322)<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">\u251c\u2500{mysqld}(2323)<\/li>\n<li>\u251c\u2500{mysqld}(2325)<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">\u251c\u2500{mysqld}(2544)<\/li>\n<li>\u251c\u2500{mysqld}(2548)<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">\u251c\u2500{mysqld}(7912)<\/li>\n<li>\u251c\u2500{mysqld}(7914)<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">\u251c\u2500{mysqld}(7916)<\/li>\n<li>\u251c\u2500{mysqld}(24689)<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">\u251c\u2500{mysqld}(27329)<\/li>\n<li>\u2514\u2500{mysqld}(27331)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>[10 &#8211; sar]<\/b><\/p>\n<p>sar\u547d\u4ee4\u582a\u79f0\u7cfb\u7edf\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\u91cc\u7684\u745e\u58eb\u519b\u5200\u3002<\/p>\n<p>sar\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u7531\u4e09\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5373sar\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u663e\u793a\u6570\u636e\uff09\u3001sa1(\u7528\u4e8e\u91c7\u96c6\u6570\u636e)\u548csa2\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>sar\u53ef\u4ee5\u6db5\u76d6\u5230CPU\u5229\u7528\u7387\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u6362\u9875\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u7f51\u7edcIO\u4f20\u8f93\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>sar\u548cnmon\u7684\u6700\u5927\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\uff0csar\u66f4\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u957f\u671f\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u76d1\u63a7\uff0c\u800cnmon\u5219\u66f4\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u770b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5e0c\u671b\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5b66\u4e60sar\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9605\u8bfb\u300asar\u8bbf\u8c08\u300b-linux\u547d\u4ee4\u4e94\u5206\u949f\u7cfb\u5217\u4e4b\u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><b>[11 &#8211; strace]<\/b><\/p>\n<p>starce\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8ffd\u67e5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u8fdc\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u6790\u548c\u8bb0\u5f55\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97strace\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u3001\u8c03\u67e5\u548c\u7ea0\u9519\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u9002\u7528strace\u6765\u8ffd\u67e5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u4e4b\u521d\u6240\u9700\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u7136\uff0cstrace\u4e5f\u6709\u5b83\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662fstrace\u4f1a\u4e25\u91cd\u62d6\u6162\u8c03\u67e5\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u67d0\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff09\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u987a\u4fbf\u63a8\u8350\u4e00\u7bc7\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u7684strace\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff1a\u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/linux.chinaunix.net\/techdoc\/net\/2007\/08\/24\/966264.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">strace\u4f7f\u7528\u8be6\u89e3<\/a>\u300b<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528MAC\uff0cstrace\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\u662ftruss\u3002<\/p>\n<p><b>[12 &#8211; tcpdump]<\/b><\/p>\n<p>tcpdump\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u3001\u597d\u7528\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u5206\u6790\u80fd\u529b\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u770b\u6e05\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5230\u5e95\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5e0c\u671b\u66f4\u7ec6\u8282\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u9002\u7528\u529f\u80fd\u66f4\u4e3a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684wireshark\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<p>tcpdump\u7684\u7cfb\u5217\u6559\u7a0b\u201c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><b>[13 &#8211; top]<\/b><\/p>\n<p>top\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0ctop\u4f1a\u6309\u7167CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u6765\u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6bcf5\u79d2\u5237\u65b0\u4e00\u6b21\u6392\u884c\u699c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9top\u6309\u7167PID\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5bff\u547d\u3001CPU\u8017\u65f6\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u6d88\u8017\u7b49\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5bf9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\uff08\u6211\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662fP\u548cM\u5feb\u6377\u952e\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u6309CPU\u5229\u7528\u7387\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u6309\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u6392\u5e8f\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7top\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5feb\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u90a3\u4e9b\u5931\u53bb\u63a7\u5236\u6216\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><b>[14 &#8211; uptime]<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7uptime\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fd0\u884c\u4e86\u591a\u4e45\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7edf\u8ba1\u5f53\u524d\u5904\u4e8e\u767b\u9646\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<ol class=\"dp-xml\">\n<li class=\"alt\"># uptime<\/li>\n<li>18:35:17 up 11 days, 9:30, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>[15 &#8211; vmstat]<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528vmstat\u547d\u4ee4\u53bb\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aLinux\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5360\u7528\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u4e86\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u5b58\u9875\u6362\u51fa\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u628a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ece\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u7cfb\u7edfSWAP\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u786c\u76d8\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u9875\u7684\u6362\u5165\u6362\u51fa\u52a8\u4f5c\u9891\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u754c\u503c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u88ab\u53eb\u505a\u201cThrashing\u201d\u3002\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u5904\u4e8ethrashing\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u4f1a\u6025\u5267\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>vmstat\u547d\u4ee4\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4eba\u4eec\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u6b64\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u90a3\u4e2a\u62d6\u6162\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5143\u51f6\u3002<\/p>\n<ol class=\"dp-xml\">\n<li class=\"alt\"># vmstat 1<\/li>\n<li>procs &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;memory&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;- &#8212;swap&#8211; &#8212;&#8211;io&#8212;- &#8211;system&#8211; &#8212;&#8211;cpu&#8212;&#8211;<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st<\/li>\n<li>2 0 0 57484 356864 861332 0 0 0 1 7 3 1 0 99 0 0<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">0 0 0 57468 356864 861360 0 0 0 0 336 145 6 1 94 0 0<\/li>\n<li>0 0 0 57468 356864 861360 0 0 0 0 43 51 0 0 100 0 0<\/li>\n<li class=\"alt\">0 0 0 57468 356864 861360 0 0 0 16 51 62 0 0 100 0 0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>[16 &#8211; wireshark]<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Wireshark\u7684\u524d\u8eab\u53eb\u505aEthereal,\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3awireshark\u662ftcpdump\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5927\u5e08\u5144\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3awireshark\u4f1a\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e13\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u5206\u6790\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Wireshark\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u6709GUI\u754c\u9762\u548cshell\u501f\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u8d44\u6df1\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7ethereal\u3002\u800c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528wireshark\/ethereal\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u63a8\u8350\u4f60\u9605\u8bfbChris Sander\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u7684\u4e66\u300aPractical Packet Analysis\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8c22\u8c22\uff01<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1ahttps:\/\/outofmemory.cn\/wr\/?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.techug.com%2F<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684Linux\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684GUI\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u5404\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982SUSE Linux\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u975e &#8230; <a title=\"\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\u768416\u4e2aLinux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u63a7\u547d\u4ee4\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/jishu\/linux\/%e4%bd%a0%e5%ba%94%e8%af%a5%e7%9f%a5%e9%81%93%e7%9a%8416%e4%b8%aalinux%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e7%9b%91%e6%8e%a7%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4\/\" aria-label=\"\u9605\u8bfb \u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\u768416\u4e2aLinux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u63a7\u547d\u4ee4\">\u9605\u8bfb\u66f4\u591a<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[38,224],"class_list":["post-571","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux","tag-linux","tag-224"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/571","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=571"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/571\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8839,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/571\/revisions\/8839"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=571"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=571"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=571"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}