{"id":2833,"date":"2017-10-30T17:45:16","date_gmt":"2017-10-30T09:45:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/?p=2833"},"modified":"2025-01-26T15:47:57","modified_gmt":"2025-01-26T07:47:57","slug":"nginx-%e4%b9%8b-%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e8%b0%83%e5%ba%a6%e5%8a%9f%e8%83%bd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/jishu\/linux\/nginx-%e4%b9%8b-%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e8%b0%83%e5%ba%a6%e5%8a%9f%e8%83%bd\/","title":{"rendered":"Nginx \u4e4b \u5b9e\u73b0\u8c03\u5ea6\u529f\u80fd"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

1  \u6982\u8ff0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecdngx_http_upstream_module\u6a21\u5757\u548cngx_stream_core_module\u6a21\u5757\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u5b9e\u73b0nginx\u7684\u8c03\u5ea6\u529f\u80fd\u3002nginx\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7proxy\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u8c03\u5ea6\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u3002\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5e94\u7528\u7ea7\u7684\u8c03\u5ea6\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\u89c1\u535a\u5ba2\u300aNginx\u00a0 \u4e4b\u00a0 \u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u300b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

2  ngx_http_upstream_module<\/strong>\u6a21\u5757<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b9a\u4e49\u6210\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ec4\uff0c\u800c\u7531proxy_pass,fastcgi_pass\u7b49\u6307\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u5f15\u7528.\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5982\u679cnginx\u4e0a\u6709\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86proxy_cache.\u90a3\u4e48\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5982\u679c\u5728nginx\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u7f13\u5b58\u4e86\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u628a\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9\u540e\u53f0\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u5c06\u7f13\u5b58\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u8c03\u5ea6\u7684\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u4e00\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.1\u3001upstream <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

upstream  name { … }<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5b9a\u4e49\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ec4\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5\u662fwrr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Context: http<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n
3<\/div>\n
4<\/div>\n
5<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
upstream httpdsrvs{<\/code><\/div>\n
server ...<\/code><\/div>\n
server...<\/code><\/div>\n
...<\/code><\/div>\n
}<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

.2\u3001server<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

server  address [parameters];<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728upstream\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2dserver\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff1bContext:upstream<\/p>\n\n\n\n

address\u7684\u8868\u793a\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

unix:\/PATH\/TO\/SOME_SOCK_FILE<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IP[:PORT]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HOSTNAME[:PORT]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

parameters\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

weight=number \u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

max_conns\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\u7aef\u62a5\u52a1\u5668\u6700\u5927\u5e76\u53d1\u6d3b\u52a8\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\uff0c1.11.5\u540e\u652f\u6301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

max_fails=number\u5931\u8d25\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6700\u5927\u6b21\u6570\uff1b\u8d85\u51fa\u6b64\u5904\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u65f6\uff0cserver\u5c06\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528,\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

fail_timeout=time\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u957f\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba410s<\/p>\n\n\n\n

backup\u5c06\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u201c\u5907\u7528\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5747\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u65f6\u624d\u542f\u7528\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u662fsorry server\uff0c\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91ccbackup\u4e0d\u8981\u752880\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u6765\u5145\u5f53sorry server,\u5982\u518d\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e38000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

down\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u201d\uff0c\u914d\u5408ip_hash\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7070\u5ea6\u53d1\u5e03\uff0c\u7070\u5ea6\u53d1\u5e03\uff0c\u6307\u5206\u6279\u8fdb\u884c\u53d1\u5e03\u4e0a\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.3\u3001ip_hash<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6e90\u5730\u5740hash\u8c03\u5ea6\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6839\u636e\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u5ea6\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8c03\u5ea6\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.4\u3001least_conn<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6700\u5c11\u8fde\u63a5\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f53server\u62e5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u65f6\u5176\u4e3awlc\uff0c\u5f53\u6240\u6709\u540e\u7aef\u4e3b\u673a\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u76f8\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u4f7f\u7528wrr\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u957f\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.5\u3001hash <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

hash   key [consistent]\u57fa\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u7684key\u7684hash\u8868\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u8c03\u5ea6\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u7684key\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u6587\u672c\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u4e8c\u8005\u7ec4\u5408<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u8bf7\u6c42\u5c06\u53d1\u5f80\u540c\u4e00\u4e2aupstream server\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528consistent\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528ketama\u4e00\u81f4\u6027hash\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u540e\u7aef\u662fCache\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u5982varnish\uff09\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n\n\n\n

hash $request_uri  consistent; #\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cconsistent\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684hash<\/p>\n\n\n\n

hash $remote_addr;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.6\u3001keepalive \u8fde\u63a5\u6570N;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

keepalive n;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2aworker\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u7a7a\u95f2\u7684\u957f\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u91cf,\u53ef\u8282\u7ea6nginx\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u5e76\u51cf\u5c11\u8fde\u63a5\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6d88\u8017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.7\u3001health_check <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

health_check [parameters];<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u6001\u68c0\u6d4b\u673a\u5236\uff1b\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u4e8elocation\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

interval=time\u68c0\u6d4b\u7684\u9891\u7387\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a5\u79d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

fails=number\uff1a\u5224\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u68c0\u6d4b\u6b21\u6570\uff1b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a1\u6b21<\/p>\n\n\n\n

passes=number\uff1a\u5224\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u68c0\u6d4b\u6b21\u6570\uff1b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a1\u6b21<\/p>\n\n\n\n

uri=uri\uff1a\u505a\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u6001\u68c0\u6d4b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u76ee\u6807uri\uff1b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

match=NAME\uff1a\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u6001\u68c0\u6d4b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8bc4\u4f30\u8c03\u7528\u6b64\u5904\u6307\u5b9a\u7684match\u914d\u7f6e\u5757<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u4ec5\u5bf9nginxplus\u6709\u6548\uff0cnginxplus\u4e3a\u5546\u4e1a\u7248\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4ed8\u8d39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.8  match<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

match name { … }<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5bf9backendserver\u505a\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u6001\u68c0\u6d4b\u65f6\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u5224\u65ad\u673a\u5236\uff1b\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u4e8ehttp\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

status  code[ code …]: \u671f\u671b\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/p>\n\n\n\n

headerHEADER[operator value]\uff1a\u671f\u671b\u5b58\u5728\u54cd\u5e94\u9996\u90e8\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u5bf9\u671f\u671b\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u9996\u90e8\u7684\u503c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u548c\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83<\/p>\n\n\n\n

body\uff1a\u671f\u671b\u54cd\u5e94\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u90e8\u5206\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u4ec5\u5bf9nginx plus\u6709\u6548<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f8b\u5b50<\/p>\n\n\n\n

http\u914d\u7f6e\u6bb5\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n
3<\/div>\n
4<\/div>\n
5<\/div>\n
6<\/div>\n
7<\/div>\n
8<\/div>\n
9<\/div>\n
10<\/div>\n
11<\/div>\n
12<\/div>\n
13<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
vim  <\/code>\/etc\/nginx\/nginx<\/code>.conf<\/code><\/div>\n
http {<\/code><\/div>\n
......<\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>upstream websrvs {<\/code><\/div>\n
        <\/code>server 172.18.50.61:80 weight=1;<\/code><\/div>\n
        <\/code>#server 172.18.50.61:80 weight=1 down;<\/code><\/div>\n
        <\/code>server 172.18.50.65:80 weight=2;<\/code><\/div>\n
        <\/code>server 127.0.0.1:8000 backup;<\/code><\/div>\n
        <\/code>#ip_hash;<\/code><\/div>\n
        <\/code>#least_conn;<\/code><\/div>\n
        <\/code>#hash $request_uri;<\/code><\/div>\n
            <\/code>} <\/code><\/div>\n
}<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

server\u914d\u7f6e\u6bb5\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n
3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
    <\/code>location \/ { <\/code><\/div>\n
        <\/code>proxy_pass http:<\/code>\/\/websrvs<\/code>;<\/code><\/div>\n
   <\/code>}<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

3  ngx_stream_core_module<\/strong>\u6a21\u5757<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7406\u57fa\u4e8eTCP\uff0cUDP (1.9.13),UNIX-domain sockets\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u3002\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e8e\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u7684\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u6216\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u548chttp\u914d\u7f6e\u6bb5\u5e73\u884c\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.1  proxy_pass<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

proxy_pass  address;\u6307\u5b9a\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.2  proxy_timeout<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

proxy_timeout  timeout;\u65e0\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u65f6\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u957f\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a10m<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.3 proxy_connect_timeout<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

proxy_connect_timeout  time;\u8bbe\u7f6enginx\u4e0e\u88ab\u4ee3\u7406\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u957f\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a60s<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4  \u8bed\u6cd5\u683c\u5f0f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

.4.1\u3001stream{ … }<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5b9a\u4e49stream\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff1bContext:main<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n
3<\/div>\n
4<\/div>\n
5<\/div>\n
6<\/div>\n
7<\/div>\n
8<\/div>\n
9<\/div>\n
10<\/div>\n
11<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
stream {<\/code><\/div>\n
upstream telnetsrvs{<\/code><\/div>\n
server 192.168.22.2:23; <\/code><\/div>\n
server 192.168.22.3:23; <\/code><\/div>\n
least_conn;<\/code><\/div>\n
}<\/code><\/div>\n
server {<\/code><\/div>\n
listen 10.1.0.6:23;<\/code><\/div>\n
proxy_pass  telnetsrvs;<\/code><\/div>\n
}<\/code><\/div>\n
}<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

.4.2\u3001listen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
listen address:port [ssl] [udp][proxy_protocol]  [backlog=number] [bind][ipv6only=on|off] [reuseport] [so_keepalive=on|off [keepidle]:[keepintvl]:[keepcnt]];<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

5  \u793a\u4f8b
<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n
3<\/div>\n
4<\/div>\n
5<\/div>\n
6<\/div>\n
7<\/div>\n
8<\/div>\n
9<\/div>\n
10<\/div>\n
11<\/div>\n
12<\/div>\n
13<\/div>\n
14<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
vim  <\/code>\/etc\/nginx\/nginx<\/code>.conf<\/code><\/div>\n
stream {<\/code><\/div>\n
upstream telnetsrvs {<\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>server 172.18.50.61:23;<\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>server 172.18.50.75:23;<\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>least_conn;<\/code><\/div>\n
        <\/code>}<\/code><\/div>\n
server {<\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>listen  2323; <\/code>#\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u598223\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8c03\u5ea6<\/code><\/div>\n
proxy_pass telnetsrvs;<\/code><\/div>\n
proxy_timeout 60s;<\/code><\/div>\n
proxy_connect_timeout10s;<\/code><\/div>\n
        <\/code>}<\/code><\/div>\n
}<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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