{"id":2421,"date":"2017-06-30T20:54:48","date_gmt":"2017-06-30T12:54:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/?p=2421"},"modified":"2025-01-08T15:41:19","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T07:41:19","slug":"python%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%8008-%e9%9d%a2%e5%90%91%e5%af%b9%e8%b1%a1%e7%9a%84%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e6%a6%82%e5%bf%b5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/jishu\/python\/python%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%8008-%e9%9d%a2%e5%90%91%e5%af%b9%e8%b1%a1%e7%9a%84%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e6%a6%82%e5%bf%b5\/","title":{"rendered":"Python\u57fa\u784008 \u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5"},"content":{"rendered":"

Python\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b(class)\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61(object)\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08object-oriented programming\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0OOP\uff09\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\u6027\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e48\u65e9\u5207\u5165\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0cPython\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u3002\u4e86\u89e3OOP\u662f\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5b66\u4e60Python\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u5bf9\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u8fd1\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5f52\u4e3a\u7c7b<\/h3>\n

\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u5c5e\u6027\u76f8\u8fd1\u628a\u4e1c\u897f\u5f52\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7ed9\u7c7b\u522b\u547d\u540d\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u9e1f\u7c7b\u7684\u5171\u540c\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u6709\u7fbd\u6bdb\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4ea7\u5375\u751f\u80b2\u540e\u4ee3\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u53ea\u7279\u522b\u7684\u9e1f\u90fd\u5728\u9e1f\u7c7b\u7684\u539f\u578b\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c31\u662f\u6a21\u62df\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5728Python\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u9177\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u4e0a\u9762\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u4e1c\u897f\u201d\u79f0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08object\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u9e1f\u7c7b<\/p>\n

\n
class Bird(object):\n    have_feather = True\n    way_of_reproduction  = 'egg'<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u522b\uff08class\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9e1f\uff08Bird\uff09\u3002\u5728\u96b6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u6bd4\u7684\u8bed\u53e5\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u6709\u7fbd\u6bdb\uff08have_feather\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u751f\u6b96\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08way_of_reproduction\uff09,\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5bf9\u5e94\u6211\u4eec\u521a\u624d\u8bf4\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff08attribute\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6682\u65f6\u5148\u4e0d\u8bf4\u660e\u62ec\u53f7\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a\u95ee\u98981\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u517b\u4e86\u4e00\u53ea\u5c0f\u9e21\uff0c\u53ebsummer\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4e14\u5c5e\u4e8e\u9e1f\u7c7b\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u9762\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
summer = Bird()\nprint summer.way_of_reproduction<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u7b2c\u4e00\u53e5\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf4\u660esummer\u662f\u7c7b\u522b\u9e1f\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0csummer\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u9e1f\u7684\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5bf9\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u662f\u901a\u8fc7 \u5bf9\u8c61.\u5c5e\u6027\uff08object.attribute\uff09 \u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u601c\u7684summer\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u662f\u4e2a\u6709\u6bdb\u4ea7\u7684\u86cb\u8d27\uff0c\u597d\u4e0d\u7cbe\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u52a8\u4f5c<\/h3>\n
\u65e5\u5e38\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u5c5e\u6027\u8bc6\u522b\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u80fd\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u60c5\u6765\u533a\u5206\u7c7b\u522b\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u9e1f\u4f1a\u79fb\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u9e1f\u5c31\u548c\u623f\u5c4b\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u4f5c\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u79fb\u52a8\u5bfc\u81f4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u201c\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u5c5e\u6027\u4e3a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08method\uff09\u3002Python\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u7c7b\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
\n
class Bird(object):\n \u00a0 \u00a0have_feather = True\n\u00a0 \u00a0 way_of_reproduction = 'egg'\n    def move(self, dx, dy):\n        position = [0,0]\n        position[0] = position[0] + dx\n        position[1] = position[1] + dy\n        return position\n\nsummer = Bird()\nprint 'after move:',summer.move(5,8)<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u9e1f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u522b\u3002\u9e1f\u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8868\u793a\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5move\u3002\uff08\u6211\u627f\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f88\u50bb\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u770b\u8fc7\u4e0b\u4e00\u8bb2\u4e4b\u540e\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u4e9b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09<\/p>\n
\uff08\u5b83\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aself\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u6211\u4eec\u5f15\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u81ea\u8eab\u3002\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u662fself\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u7528\u5230\u3002\u6709\u5173self\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u8bb2\u5c55\u5f00\uff09<\/p>\n
\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0cdx, dy\u8868\u793a\u5728x\u3001y\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002move\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd4\u56de\u8fd0\u7b97\u8fc7\u7684position\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6700\u540e\u8c03\u7528move\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u4f20\u9012\u4e86dx\u548cdy\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f20\u9012self\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u56e0\u4e3aself\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5185\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u7684summer\u53ef\u4ee5\u8dd1\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5b50\u7c7b<\/h3>\n
\u7c7b\u522b\u672c\u8eab\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7ec6\u5206\u6210\u5b50\u7c7b<\/p>\n
\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u9e1f\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u6210\u9e21\uff0c\u5927\u96c1\uff0c\u9ec4\u9e42\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728OOP\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u7ee7\u627f(inheritance)\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n
\n
class Chicken(Bird):\n    way_of_move = 'walk'\n    possible_in_KFC = True\n\nclass Oriole(Bird):\n    way_of_move = 'fly'\n    possible_in_KFC = False\n\nsummer = Chicken()\nprint summer.have_feather\nprint summer.move(5,8)<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u9e21\uff08Chicken\uff09\u7c7b\u7684\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u79fb\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08way_of_move\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5728KFC\u627e\u5230\uff08possible_in_KFC\uff09<\/p>\n
\u5728\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6\uff0c\u62ec\u53f7\u91cc\u4e3a\u4e86Bird\u3002\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\uff0cChicken\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u9e1f\u7c7b\uff08Bird\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u7c7b\uff0c\u5373Chicken\u7ee7\u627f\u81eaBird\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\uff0cBird\u5c31\u662fChicken\u7684\u7236\u7c7b\u3002Chicken\u5c06\u4eab\u6709Bird\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u53ea\u58f0\u660e\u4e86summer\u662f\u9e21\u7c7b\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u7ee7\u627f\u4eab\u6709\u4e86\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u53d8\u91cf\u5c5e\u6027have_feather\u8fd8\u662f\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c5e\u6027move\uff09<\/p>\n
\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u9ec4\u9e42(Oriole)\u7c7b\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7ee7\u627f\u81ea\u9e1f\u7c7b\u3002\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ec4\u9e42\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u81ea\u52a8\u62e5\u6709\u9e1f\u7c7b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u7ee7\u627f\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u91cd\u590d\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e24\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7ee7\u627f\u81ea\u9e1f\u7c7b\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u628a\u9e1f\u7c7b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u5206\u522b\u8f93\u5165\u5230\u9e21\u7c7b\u548c\u9ec4\u9e42\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u3002\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u7e41\u7410\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff08\u56de\u5230\u95ee\u98981, \u62ec\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684object\uff0c\u5f53\u62ec\u53f7\u4e2d\u4e3aobject\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u6ca1\u6709\u7236\u7c7b\uff08\u5230\u5934\u4e86\uff09\uff09<\/p>\n
\u5c06\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e86\u89e3\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4ece\u4eba\u7c7b\u7956\u5148\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5728\u7ec3\u4e60\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u7ef4\u4e60\u60ef\u7684\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u9762\u5411\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u53e5\u518d\u6267\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u662f\u673a\u5668\u601d\u7ef4\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u601d\u7ef4\u4e2d\u7684\u590d\u6742\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n
\u5c06\u4e1c\u897f\u6839\u636e\u5c5e\u6027\u5f52\u7c7b ( \u5c06object\u5f52\u4e3aclass )<\/p>\n
\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u52a8\u4f5c<\/p>\n
\u7528\u7ee7\u627f\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u7236\u7c7b-\u5b50\u7c7b\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5b50\u7c7b\u81ea\u52a8\u5177\u6709\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
self\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u6839\u636e\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u800c\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5efa\u7acb\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1a \u5bf9\u8c61\u540d = \u7c7b\u540d()<\/p>\n
\u5f15\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a object.attribute<\/p>\n
\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u81ea\u7f51\u7edc\u535a\u5ba2\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.cnblogs.com\/vamei<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Python\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b(class)\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61(object)\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08object-oriented prog … \u9605\u8bfb\u66f4\u591a<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[654],"tags":[718,721],"class_list":["post-2421","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-python","tag-python","tag-721"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2421","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2421"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2421\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9171,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2421\/revisions\/9171"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2421"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2421"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2421"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}