{"id":2274,"date":"2017-05-26T13:30:30","date_gmt":"2017-05-26T05:30:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/?p=2274"},"modified":"2024-11-15T11:06:20","modified_gmt":"2024-11-15T03:06:20","slug":"python%e5%ba%8f%e5%88%97%e8%a1%a5%e5%85%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/jishu\/python\/python%e5%ba%8f%e5%88%97%e8%a1%a5%e5%85%85\/","title":{"rendered":"Python\u5e8f\u5217\u8865\u5145"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u56de\u5fc6\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e8f\u5217\u5305\u542b\u6709\u5b9a\u503c\u8868(tuple)\u548c\u8868(list)\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32(string)\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5b9a\u503c\u8868\u3002\u8868\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6539\uff0c\u5b9a\u503c\u8868\u4e00\u65e6\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u5176\u5143\u7d20\u4e0d\u53ef\u66f4\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u7528\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20(item)\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5efa\u51fd\u6570(built-in function)\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5e8f\u5217(\u8868\uff0c\u5b9a\u503c\u8868\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32):<\/p>\n

# s\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217<\/p>\n

len(s) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u8fd4\u56de\uff1a \u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2a\u6570<\/p>\n

min(s) \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u8fd4\u56de\uff1a \u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n

max(s) \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u8fd4\u56de\uff1a \u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n

all(s) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u8fd4\u56de\uff1a True, \u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u4e3aTrue\u7684\u8bdd<\/p>\n

any(s) \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u8fd4\u56de\uff1a True, \u5982\u679c\u4efb\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\u4e3aTrue\u7684\u8bdd<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u8d77\u67e5\u8be2\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u5e8f\u5217\u672c\u8eab, \u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u548c\u5b9a\u503c\u8868:<\/p>\n

sum(s) \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u548c<\/p>\n

# x\u4e3a\u5143\u7d20\u503c\uff0ci\u4e3a\u4e0b\u6807(\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e)<\/p>\n

s.count(x) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u8fd4\u56de\uff1a x\u5728s\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570<\/p>\n

s.index(x) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u8fd4\u56de\uff1a x\u5728s\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e0b\u6807<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u5b9a\u503c\u8868\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u66f4\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ea\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8868:<\/p>\n

# l\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868, l2\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868<\/p>\n

l.extend(l2) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u5728\u8868l\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u6dfb\u52a0\u8868l2\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n

l.append(x) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u5728l\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u9644\u52a0x\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n

l.sort() \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u5bf9l\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6392\u5e8f<\/p>\n

l.reverse() \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u5c06l\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u9006\u5e8f<\/p>\n

l.pop() \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u8868l\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8868l\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u8be5\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n

del l[i] \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u5220\u9664\u8be5\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n

(\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u539f\u6765\u7684\u8868\u7684\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bf9\u539f\u6765\u7684\u8868\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u8868\u3002)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u7528\u4e8e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u662f\u5b9a\u503c\u8868\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u4f46\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32(string)\u7c7b\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u6539\u53d8\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u539f\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5220\u9664\u539f\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u518d\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e0e\u5b9a\u503c\u8868\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u3002<\/p>\n

#str\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0csub\u4e3astr\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002s\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002width\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bf4\u660e\u65b0\u751f\u6210\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

str.count(sub) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u8fd4\u56de\uff1asub\u5728str\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570<\/p>\n

str.find(sub) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u4ece\u5de6\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u67e5\u627esub\u5728str\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679cstr\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u542bsub\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1<\/p>\n

str.index(sub) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u4ece\u5de6\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u67e5\u627esub\u5728str\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679cstr\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u542bsub\uff0c\u4e3e\u51fa\u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n

str.rfind(sub) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u4ece\u53f3\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u67e5\u627esub\u5728str\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679cstr\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u542bsub\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1<\/p>\n

str.rindex(sub) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u4ece\u53f3\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u67e5\u627esub\u5728str\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679cstr\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u542bsub\uff0c\u4e3e\u51fa\u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

str.isalnum() \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u8fd4\u56de\uff1aTrue\uff0c \u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u662f\u5b57\u6bcd\u6216\u6570\u5b57<\/p>\n

str.isalpha() \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u8fd4\u56de\uff1aTrue\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u662f\u5b57\u6bcd<\/p>\n

str.isdigit() \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u8fd4\u56de\uff1aTrue\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u662f\u6570\u5b57<\/p>\n

str.istitle() \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u8fd4\u56de\uff1aTrue\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8bcd\u7684\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u90fd\u662f\u5927\u5199<\/p>\n

str.isspace() \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u8fd4\u56de\uff1aTrue\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u662f\u7a7a\u683c<\/p>\n

str.islower() \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u8fd4\u56de\uff1aTrue\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u662f\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd<\/p>\n

str.isupper() \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u8fd4\u56de\uff1aTrue\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u662f\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

str.split([sep, [max]]) \u00a0\u00a0 \u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u4ece\u5de6\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ee5\u7a7a\u683c\u4e3a\u5206\u5272\u7b26(separator)\uff0c\u5c06str\u5206\u5272\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u603b\u5171\u5206\u5272max\u6b21\u3002\u5c06\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u5b50\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u4e2d\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5str.split(‘,’)\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u6216\u8005\u5176\u5b83\u5206\u5272\u7b26<\/p>\n

str.rsplit([sep, [max]]) \u00a0 \u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u4ece\u53f3\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ee5\u7a7a\u683c\u4e3a\u5206\u5272\u7b26(separator)\uff0c\u5c06str\u5206\u5272\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u603b\u5171\u5206\u5272max\u6b21\u3002\u5c06\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u5b50\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u4e2d\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5str.rsplit(‘,’)\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u6216\u8005\u5176\u5b83\u5206\u5272\u7b26<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

str.join(s) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u5c06s\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4ee5str\u4e3a\u5206\u5272\u7b26\uff0c\u5408\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n

str.strip([sub]) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u53bb\u6389\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f00\u5934\u548c\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u7a7a\u683c\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u6570sub\uff0c\u53bb\u6389\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f00\u5934\u548c\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684sub<\/p>\n

str.replace(sub, new_sub) \u00a0\u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32new_sub\u66ff\u6362str\u4e2d\u7684sub<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

str.capitalize() \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u5c06str\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u5927\u5199<\/p>\n

str.lower() \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u5c06str\u5168\u90e8\u5b57\u6bcd\u6539\u4e3a\u5c0f\u5199<\/p>\n

str.upper() \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u5c06str\u5168\u90e8\u5b57\u6bcd\u6539\u4e3a\u5927\u5199<\/p>\n

str.swapcase() \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u5c06str\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u6539\u4e3a\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c\u5c0f\u5199\u6539\u4e3a\u5927\u5199<\/p>\n

str.title() \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u5c06str\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bcd(\u4ee5\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694)\u7684\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u5927\u5199<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

str.center(width) \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3awidth\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5c06\u539f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u653e\u5165\u8be5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u7a7a\u4f59\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7a7a\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n

str.ljust(width) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3awidth\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5c06\u539f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5de6\u5bf9\u9f50\u653e\u5165\u8be5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u7a7a\u4f59\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7a7a\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n

str.rjust(width) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3awidth\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5c06\u539f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u53f3\u5bf9\u9f50\u653e\u5165\u8be5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u7a7a\u4f59\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7a7a\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aVamei \u51fa\u5904\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.cnblogs.com\/vamei<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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