{"id":1925,"date":"2017-03-17T09:31:25","date_gmt":"2017-03-17T01:31:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/?p=1925"},"modified":"2025-01-08T15:36:31","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T07:36:31","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%bc%96%e5%86%99%e5%92%8c%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e8%87%aa%e5%ae%9a%e4%b9%89%e7%9a%84-shell-%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0%e5%92%8c%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0%e5%ba%93","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/uncategorized\/%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%bc%96%e5%86%99%e5%92%8c%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e8%87%aa%e5%ae%9a%e4%b9%89%e7%9a%84-shell-%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0%e5%92%8c%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0%e5%ba%93\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u7f16\u5199\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684 Shell \u51fd\u6570\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u5e93"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u5728 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\uff0cShell \u811a\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\u5e2e\u5230\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5c55\u793a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3 \u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u4efb\u52a1<\/a>\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u672c\u6307\u5357\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5411 Linux \u65b0\u624b\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u5b58\u50a8\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684 shell \u811a\u672c\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u5982\u4f55\u7f16\u5199 shell \u51fd\u6570\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shell \u811a\u672c\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u4f55\u5904<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u6267\u884c\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u811a\u672c\u65f6\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8f93\u5165\u811a\u672c\u6240\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6216\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u811a\u672c\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5728 $PATH<\/code> \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u91cc\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u4f60\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684 $PATH<\/code> \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. $ <\/span>echo<\/span> $PATH<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. \/<\/span>usr<\/span>\/<\/span>local<\/span>\/<\/span>sbin<\/span>:<\/span>\/usr\/<\/span>local<\/span>\/<\/span>bin<\/span>:<\/span>\/usr\/<\/span>sbin<\/span>:<\/span>\/usr\/<\/span>bin<\/span>:<\/span>\/sbin:\/<\/span>bin<\/span>:<\/span>\/usr\/<\/span>games<\/span>:<\/span>\/usr\/<\/span>local<\/span>\/<\/span>games<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    \u901a\u5e38\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u5b58\u5728\u540d\u4e3a bin<\/code> \u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 shell \u811a\u672c\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5730\u88ab\u5305\u542b\u5728\u7528\u6237\u7684 $PATH<\/code> \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\uff08LCTT \u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u5728 Centos 6\/7 \u4e0b\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u5728 Debian 8 \u4e0b\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u5728 Ubuntu 16.04 \u4e0b\u53c8\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa bin<\/code> \u76ee\u5f55\u5427\uff08\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u50a8 Perl\u3001Awk \u6216 Python \u7684\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5176\u5b83\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. $ <\/span>mkdir<\/span> ~\/<\/span>bin<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      \u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a lib<\/code>\uff08libraries \u7684\u7b80\u5199\uff09\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u6765\u5b58\u653e\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\u3002\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u653e\u5176\u5b83\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\uff0c\u5982 C \uff0cPython \u7b49\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5728 lib<\/code> \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u5efa\u7acb\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a sh<\/code> \u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5c06\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u653e\u4f60\u7684 shell \u51fd\u6570\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      1. $ <\/span>mkdir<\/span> -<\/span>p <\/span>~<\/span>\/lib\/<\/span>sh <\/span><\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        \u521b\u5efa\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 Shell \u51fd\u6570\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u5e93<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        \u4e00\u4e2a shell \u51fd\u6570<\/code> \u5c31\u662f\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u80fd\u591f\u5b8c\u6210\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08LCTT \u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u53ef\u80fd\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c SQL \u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u5427\uff09\u3001\u5b50\u4f8b\u7a0b\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        1. \u51fd\u6570\u540d()<\/span> {<\/span> \u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/span> }<\/span> <\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

          ( LCTT \u6821\u6ce8\uff1a\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u524d\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u4e0a function<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u7701\u7565\u4e0d\u5199\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u4e0b\u9762\u90a3\u6837\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6765\u663e\u793a\u65e5\u671f\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          1. showDATE<\/span>()<\/span> {<\/span>date<\/span>;}<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

            \u6bcf\u5f53\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u663e\u793a\u65e5\u671f\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8c03\u7528\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u5373\u53ef\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n
            1. $ showDATE<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

              \u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4 shell \u51fd\u6570\u5e93\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a shell \u811a\u672c\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\u4e2d\u4ec5\u5b58\u50a8\u5176\u5b83 shell \u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \u4e0b\u9762\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u662f\u5728\u6211\u7684 ~\/lib\/sh<\/code> \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a libMYFUNCS.sh<\/code> \u7684\u5e93\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \n
              1. #<\/span>!<\/span>\/bin\/<\/span>bash<\/span> <\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              2. ### Function to clearly list directories in PATH <\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              3. showPATH<\/span>()<\/span> {<\/span> <\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              4. oldifs<\/span>=<\/span>\"$IFS\"<\/span> ### store old internal field separator<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              5. IFS<\/span>=:<\/span> ### specify a new internal field separator<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              6. for<\/span> DIR <\/span>in<\/span> $PATH<\/span><<\/span>br<\/span>><\/span> do<\/span><<\/span>br<\/span>><\/span> echo<\/span> $DIR<\/span><<\/span>br<\/span>><\/span> done<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              7. IFS<\/span>=<\/span>\"$oldifs\"<\/span> ### restore old internal field separator<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              8. }<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              9. ### Function to show logged user<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              10. showUSERS<\/span>()<\/span> {<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              11. echo<\/span> -<\/span>e <\/span>\u201c<\/span>Below<\/span> are the user logged on the system<\/span>:<\/span>\\n<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              12. w<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              13. }<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              14. ### Print a user\u2019s details <\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              15. printUSERDETS<\/span>()<\/span> {<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              16. oldifs<\/span>=<\/span>\"$IFS\"<\/span> ### store old internal field separator<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              17. IFS<\/span>=:<\/span> ### specify a new internal field separator<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              18. read <\/span>-<\/span>p <\/span>\"Enter user name to be searched:\"<\/span> uname<\/span> ### read username<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              19. echo<\/span> \"\"<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              20. ### read and store from a here string values into variables<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              21. ### using : as a field delimiter<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              22. read <\/span>-<\/span>r username <\/span>pass<\/span> uid gid comments homedir shell <\/span><<<<\/span> \"$(cat \/etc\/passwd | grep \"<\/span>^<\/span>$uname<\/span>\")\"<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              23. ### print out captured values<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              24. echo<\/span> -<\/span>e <\/span>\"Username is : $username\\n\"<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              25. echo<\/span> -<\/span>e <\/span>\"User's ID : $uid\\n\"<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              26. echo<\/span> -<\/span>e <\/span>\"User's GID : $gid\\n\"<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              27. echo<\/span> -<\/span>e <\/span>\"User's Comments : $comments\\n\"<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              28. echo<\/span> -<\/span>e <\/span>\"User's Home Dir : $homedir\\n\"<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              29. echo<\/span> -<\/span>e <\/span>\"User's Shell : $shell\\n\"<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              30. IFS<\/span>=<\/span>\"$oldifs\"<\/span> ### store old internal field separator<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              31. }<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                \u4fdd\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u4e14\u7ed9\u811a\u672c\u6dfb\u52a0\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                \u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u67d0\u4e2a lib<\/code> \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u6309\u7167\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f \u5c06\u5305\u542b\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\u5bfc\u5165\u5230\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684 shell \u811a\u672c\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \n
                1. $ <\/span>.<\/span> \/<\/span>path<\/span>\/<\/span>to<\/span>\/<\/span>lib <\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                2. \u6216<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                3. $ source <\/span>\/<\/span>path<\/span>\/<\/span>to<\/span>\/<\/span>lib<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                  \uff08LCTT \u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7684 .<\/code> \u548c\u8def\u5f84\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b<\/strong>\u662f\u6709\u7a7a\u683c\u7684\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \u8fd9\u6837\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u4e0b\u9762\u6f14\u793a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u6765\u81ea ~\/lib\/sh\/libMYFUNCS.sh<\/code> \u7684 printUSERDETS<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u5fc5\u518d\u4e00\u4e00\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8c03\u7528\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a test.sh<\/code> \u7684\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \n
                  1. #<\/span>!<\/span>\/bin\/<\/span>bash<\/span> <\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  2. ### include lib<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  3. .<\/span> ~<\/span>\/lib\/<\/span>sh<\/span>\/<\/span>libMYFUNCS<\/span>.<\/span>sh<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  4. ### use function from lib<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  5. printUSERDETS<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  6. ### exit script<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  7. exit<\/span> 0<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                    \u4fdd\u5b58\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u53ef\u88ab\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fd0\u884c\u5b83\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      \n
                    1. $ <\/span>chmod<\/span> 755<\/span> test<\/span>.<\/span>sh<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    2. $ <\/span>.\/<\/span>test<\/span>.<\/span>sh <\/span><\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                      \"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                      <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                      \u5728 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\uff0cShell \u811a\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\u5e2e\u5230\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5c55\u793a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3 \u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf … \u9605\u8bfb\u66f4\u591a<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[38,62],"class_list":["post-1925","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-linux","tag-shell"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1925","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1925"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1925\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9167,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1925\/revisions\/9167"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1925"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1925"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1925"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}