{"id":1720,"date":"2017-01-27T15:50:34","date_gmt":"2017-01-27T07:50:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/?p=1720"},"modified":"2025-01-06T20:34:47","modified_gmt":"2025-01-06T12:34:47","slug":"linux%e7%9b%ae%e5%bd%95%e7%bb%93%e6%9e%84%e8%af%a6%e7%bb%86%e4%bb%8b%e7%bb%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/jishu\/linux\/linux%e7%9b%ae%e5%bd%95%e7%bb%93%e6%9e%84%e8%af%a6%e7%bb%86%e4%bb%8b%e7%bb%8d\/","title":{"rendered":"linux\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1\u3001\u6811\u72b6\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u56fe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2\u3001\/\u76ee\u5f55<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

3\u3001\/etc\/\u76ee\u5f55<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

4\u3001\/usr\/\u76ee\u5f55<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

5\u3001\/var\/\u76ee\u5f55<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

6\u3001\/proc\/\u76ee\u5f55<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

7\u3001\/dev\/\u76ee\u5f55<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8be5\u6587\u7ae0\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u884c\u6574\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u53c2\u8003\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.hudong.com\/wiki\/linux%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\nhttps:\/\/linux.ccidnet.com\/art\/3067\/20070315\/1037337_1.html\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\nhttps:\/\/os.51cto.com\/art\/200802\/65783.htm\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\nhttps:\/\/www.iteye.com\/topic\/1125162\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>\u4e0b\u9762\u7ea2\u8272\u5b57\u4f53\u4e3a\u6bd4\u8f83\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/a>1<\/strong>\u3001\u6811\u72b6\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u56fe<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Linux File System Hierarchy<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2\u3001\/<\/strong><\/a>\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u76ee\u5f55<\/td>\u63cf\u8ff0<\/td><\/tr>
\/<\/td>\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6839\u3001\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
\/bin\/<\/td>\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5355\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\uff1b\u9762\u5411\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1acat\u3001ls\u3001cp\uff0c\u548c\/usr\/bin\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
\/boot\/<\/td>\u5f15\u5bfc\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1akernel\u3001initrd\uff1b\u65f6\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u5206\u533a[6]<\/td><\/tr>
\/dev\/<\/strong><\/td>\u5fc5\u8981\u8bbe\u5907, \u4f8b\u5982\uff1a, \/dev\/null.<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/<\/strong><\/td>\u7279\u5b9a\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\u76ee\u524d\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u5728\u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5173\u4e8eUNIX\u5b9e\u73b0\u6587\u6863\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\/etc \u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\/etcetra \u76ee\u5f55\uff0c[7]\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\u6b64\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5b58\u653e\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u522b\u5904\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e1c\u897f\uff08\u7136\u800c\uff0cFHS\u9650\u5236\/etc\u5b58\u653e\u9759\u6001\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u3002[8]\u81ea\u4ece\u65e9\u671f\u6587\u6863\u51fa\u7248\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u79f0\u5df2\u88ab\u4ee5\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u91cd\u65b0\u79f0\u547c\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5305\u62ec\u53cd\u5411\u7f29\u7565\u8bed\u5982\uff1a”\u53ef\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u6587\u672c\u914d\u7f6e”\uff08\u82f1\u6587 “Editable Text Configuration”\uff09\u6216”\u6269\u5c55\u5de5\u5177\u7bb1”\uff08\u82f1\u6587 “Extended Tool Chest”)\u3002[9]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr>

\/etc\/opt\/<\/td>\/opt\/\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/X11\/<\/td>X_Window\u7cfb\u7edf(\u7248\u672c11)\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/sgml\/<\/td>SGML\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/xml\/<\/td>XML\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr>
\/home\/<\/strong><\/td>\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7b49\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4e3a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u5206\u533a\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
\/lib\/<\/td>\/bin\/ and \/sbin\/\u4e2d\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
\/media\/<\/td>\u53ef\u79fb\u9664\u5a92\u4f53(\u5982CD-ROM)\u7684\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9 (\u5728FHS-2.3\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0)\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
\/lost+found<\/td>\u5728ext3\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u610f\u5916\u5d29\u6e83\u6216\u673a\u5668\u610f\u5916\u5173\u673a\uff0c\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u788e\u7247\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u5f00\u673a\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2dfsck\u5de5\u5177\u4f1a\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u5e76\u4fee\u590d\u5df2\u7ecf\u635f\u574f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u751f\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u7528\u624b\u5de5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u4fee\u590d\uff0c\u6216\u79fb\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u539f\u6765\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
\/mnt\/<\/td>\u4e34\u65f6\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u6bd4\u5982cdrom,u\u76d8\u7b49\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d2\u5165\u5149\u9a71\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u8981\u5148\u6302\u8f7d\u540e\u4f7f\u7528<\/td><\/tr>
\/opt\/<\/td>\u53ef\u9009\u5e94\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
\/proc\/<\/strong><\/td>\u865a\u62df\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5c06\u5185\u6838\u4e0e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u5f52\u6863\u4e3a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u5b58\u653e\u8fd9\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1auptime\u3001 network\u3002\u5728Linux\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94Procfs\u683c\u5f0f\u6302\u8f7d\u3002\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6587\u4ef6\u53ea\u80fd\u770b\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\uff08\u5305\u62ecroot\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\/root\/<\/td>\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><\/tr>
\/sbin\/<\/strong><\/td>\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a init\u3001 ip\u3001 mount\u3002sbin\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u4e86\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
\/srv\/<\/td>\u7ad9\u70b9\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
\/tmp\/<\/td>\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6(\u53c2\u89c1 \/var\/tmp)\uff0c\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cd\u542f\u65f6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u4fdd\u7559\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
\/usr\/<\/td>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8f6f\u4ef6\u90fd\u4f1a\u5b58\u4e8e\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53ea\u8bfb\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u6b21\uff1b\u5305\u542b\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684(\u591a)\u7528\u6237\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
\/var\/<\/strong><\/td>\u53d8\u91cf\u6587\u4ef6\u2014\u2014\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u8131\u673a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u4e34\u65f6\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u5206\u533a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5355\u72ec\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u628a\u6574\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u5145\u6ee1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5355\u72ec\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u7ed9\u5927\u7ed9\u5c0f\u90fd\u4e0d\u5408\u9002\u3002<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

3<\/strong>\u3001<\/strong>\/<\/a><\/a>etc\/<\/strong>\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7279\u5b9a\u4e3b\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u76ee\u5f55<\/td>\u63cf\u8ff0<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/rc \/etc\/rc.d<\/strong>\n

\/etc\/rc*.d<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>

\u542f\u52a8\u3001\u6216\u6539\u53d8\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u7684scripts\u6216scripts\u7684\u76ee\u5f55.<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/hosts<\/td>\u672c\u5730\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/sysconfig\/network<\/strong><\/td>IP\u3001\u63a9\u7801\u3001\u7f51\u5173\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u914d\u7f6e<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/resolv.conf<\/strong><\/td>DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/fstab<\/strong><\/td>\u5f00\u673a\u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5206\u533a\u5f00\u673a\u90fd\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/inittab<\/strong><\/td>\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u65f6Init\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c06\u628a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6210\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684runlevel\u53ca\u52a0\u8f7d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u914d\u7f6e<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/exports<\/strong><\/td>\u8bbe\u7f6eNFS\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/init.d<\/strong><\/td>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u6765\u5b58\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u811a\u672c<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/profile<\/strong>, <\/strong>\/etc\/csh.login,  \/etc\/csh.cshrc<\/td>\u5168\u5c40\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/issue<\/strong><\/td>\u8ba4\u8bc1\u524d\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8f93\u51fa\u7248\u672c\u5185\u6838\u4fe1\u606f<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/motd<\/td>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8ba4\u8bc1\u540e\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/mtab<\/td>\u5f53\u524d\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5217\u8868.\u7531scripts\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u7531mount \u547d\u4ee4\u81ea\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0.\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f53\u524d\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5217\u8868\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982df \u547d\u4ee4<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/group<\/strong><\/td>\u7c7b\u4f3c\/etc\/passwd \uff0c\u4f46\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u6237\u800c\u662f\u7ec4.<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/passwd<\/strong><\/td>\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u57df\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3001\u771f\u5b9e\u59d3\u540d\u3001\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u53e3\u4ee4\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4fe1\u606f.<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/shadow<\/strong><\/td>\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u5f71\u5b50\u53e3\u4ee4\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u5f71\u5b50\u53e3\u4ee4\u6587\u4ef6.\u5f71\u5b50\u53e3\u4ee4\u6587\u4ef6\u5c06\/etc\/passwd \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u53e3\u4ee4\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\/etc\/shadow \u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u53ea\u5bf9root\u53ef\u8bfb.\u8fd9\u4f7f\u7834\u8bd1\u53e3\u4ee4\u66f4\u56f0\u96be.<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/sudoers<\/strong><\/td>\u53ef\u4ee5sudo\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/syslog.conf<\/strong><\/td>\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\u53c2\u6570\u914d\u7f6e<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/login.defs<\/td>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u5e10\u53f7\u9650\u5236\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/securetty<\/td>\u786e\u8ba4\u5b89\u5168\u7ec8\u7aef\uff0c\u5373\u54ea\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef\u5141\u8bb8root\u767b\u5f55.\u4e00\u822c\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u865a\u62df\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd(\u81f3\u5c11\u5f88\u56f0\u96be)\u901a\u8fc7modem\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u95ef\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u7279\u6743.<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/printcap<\/td>\u7c7b\u4f3c\/etc\/termcap \uff0c\u4f46\u9488\u5bf9\u6253\u5370\u673a.\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0d\u540c.<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/shells<\/td>\u5217\u51fa\u53ef\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684shell.chsh \u547d\u4ee4\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u6539\u53d8\u767b\u5f55shell.\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668FTP\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u8fdb\u7a0bftpd \u68c0\u67e5\u7528\u6237shell\u662f\u5426\u5217\u5728 \/etc\/shells \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c06\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55.<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/xinetd.d<\/td>\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u662f\u901a\u8fc7xinetd\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u811a\u672c\u8981\u653e\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982Slackware\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u8001\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u3002\u5728Redhat Fedora\u4e2d\u6bd4\u8f83\u65b0\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/opt\/<\/td>\/opt\/\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/X11\/<\/td>X_Window\u7cfb\u7edf(\u7248\u672c11)\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/sgml\/<\/td>SGML\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/xml\/<\/td>XML\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/skel\/<\/strong><\/td>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u65f6\uff0c\u628a\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

4<\/strong>\u3001<\/strong>\/<\/a><\/a>usr\/<\/strong>\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8f6f\u4ef6\u90fd\u4f1a\u5b58\u4e8e\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53ea\u8bfb\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u6b21\uff1b\u5305\u542b\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u76ee\u5f55<\/td>\u63cf\u8ff0<\/td><\/tr>
\/usr\/X11R6<\/td>\u5b58\u653eX-Windows\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff1b<\/td><\/tr>
\/usr\/games<\/td>\u5b58\u653e\u7740XteamLinux\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u5c0f\u6e38\u620f\uff1b<\/td><\/tr>
\/usr\/doc<\/td>Linux\u6280\u672f\u6587\u6863\uff1b<\/td><\/tr>
\/usr\/include<\/td>\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u653eLinux\u4e0b\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b<\/td><\/tr>
\/usr\/lib<\/td>\u5b58\u653e\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\u548c\u9759\u6001\u6863\u6848\u5e93\uff1b<\/td><\/tr>
\/usr\/man<\/td>\u5e2e\u52a9\u6587\u6863\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff1b<\/td><\/tr>
\/usr\/src<\/td>Linux\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u7231\u597d\u8005\u4eec\u522b\u653e\u8fc7\u54e6\uff1b<\/td><\/tr>
\/usr\/bin\/<\/td>\u975e\u5fc5\u8981\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6 (\u5728\u5355\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u9700\u8981)\uff1b\u9762\u5411\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
\/usr\/lib\/<\/td>\/usr\/bin\/\u548c\/usr\/sbin\/\u4e2d\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5e93\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
\/usr\/sbin\/<\/td>\u975e\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5927\u91cf\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
\/usr\/share\/<\/td>\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u65e0\u5173\uff08\u5171\u4eab\uff09\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
\/usr\/src\/<\/td>\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801,\u4f8b\u5982:\u5185\u6838\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u53ca\u5176\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
\/usr\/X11R6\/<\/td>X Window\u7cfb\u7edf\u7248\u672c 11, Release 6.<\/td><\/tr>
\/usr\/local\/<\/td>\u672c\u5730\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u5230\u672c\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u800c\u8a00\u6709\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1abin\/\u3001lib\/\u3001share\/.\u8fd9\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u6237\u7684\/usr\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff1b<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

5<\/strong>\u3001<\/strong>\/<\/a><\/a>var\/<\/strong>\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\/var \u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e00\u822c\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u6570\u636e.\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5171\u4eab.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u76ee\u5f55<\/td>\u63cf\u8ff0<\/td><\/tr>
\/var\/log\/message<\/td>\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6309\u5468\u81ea\u52a8\u8f6e\u8be2<\/td><\/tr>
\/var\/spool\/cron\/root<\/td>\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6309\u7528\u6237\u547d\u540d<\/td><\/tr>
\/var\/log\/secure<\/td>\u8bb0\u5f55\u767b\u9646\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b58\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6210\u529f\u8fd8\u662f\u8ba4\u8bc1\u5931\u8d25\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55<\/td><\/tr>
\/var\/log\/wtmp<\/td>\u8bb0\u5f55\u767b\u9646\u8005\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0clast,who,w\u547d\u4ee4\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u6b64<\/td><\/tr>
\/var\/spool\/clientmqueue\/<\/td>\u5f53\u90ae\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1\u672a\u5f00\u542f\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5e94\u53d1\u7ed9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7684\u90ae\u4ef6\u90fd\u5c06\u5806\u653e\u5728\u6b64<\/td><\/tr>
\/var\/spool\/mail\/<\/td>\u90ae\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><\/tr>
\/var\/tmp<\/td>\u6bd4\/tmp \u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u5927\u6216\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u5728\u8f83\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6. (\u867d\u7136\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\/var\/tmp \u6709\u5f88\u65e7\u7684\u6587\u4ef6.)<\/td><\/tr>
\/var\/lib<\/td>\u7cfb\u7edf\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u6587\u4ef6.<\/td><\/tr>
\/var\/local<\/td>\/usr\/local \u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u53ef\u53d8\u6570\u636e(\u5373\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f).\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u672c\u5730\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\/var \u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\/var\/lock .<\/td><\/tr>
\/var\/lock<\/td>\u9501\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6.\u8bb8\u591a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9075\u5faa\u5728\/var\/lock \u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9501\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7ea6\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u6587\u4ef6.\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9501\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0d\u8bd5\u56fe\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u6587\u4ef6.<\/td><\/tr>
\/var\/log\/<\/td>\u5404\u79cd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684Log\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662flogin   (\/var\/log\/wtmp log\u6240\u6709\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u548c\u6ce8\u9500) \u548csyslog (\/var\/log\/messages \u91cc\u5b58\u50a8\u6240\u6709\u6838\u5fc3\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4fe1\u606f. \/var\/log \u91cc\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u5730\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5b9a\u671f\u6e05\u9664.<\/td><\/tr>
\/var\/run<\/td>\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u5f15\u5bfc\u524d\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6587\u4ef6.\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c \/var\/run\/utmp \u5305\u542b\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4fe1\u606f.<\/td><\/tr>
\/var\/cache\/<\/td>\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7f13\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5728\u672c\u5730\u751f\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8017\u65f6\u7684I\/O\u6216\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u518d\u751f\u6216\u6062\u590d\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u800c\u4e0d\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931\u3002<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

6<\/strong>\u3001<\/strong>\/<\/a><\/a>proc\/<\/strong>\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u865a\u62df\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5c06\u5185\u6838\u4e0e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u5f52\u6863\u4e3a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u5b58\u653e\u8fd9\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff1auptime\u3001 network\u3002\u5728Linux\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94Procfs\u683c\u5f0f\u6302\u8f7d\u3002\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6587\u4ef6\u53ea\u80fd\u770b\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\uff08\u5305\u62ecroot\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u76ee\u5f55<\/td>\u63cf\u8ff0<\/td><\/tr>
\/proc\/meminfo<\/strong><\/td>\u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5b58\u4fe1\u606f<\/td><\/tr>
\/proc\/loadavg<\/strong><\/td>\u8fd8\u8bb0\u5f97 top \u4ee5\u53ca uptime \u5427\uff1f\u6ca1\u9519\uff01\u4e0a\u5934\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u5e73\u5747\u6570\u503c\u5c31\u662f\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u6b64\uff01<\/td><\/tr>
\/proc\/uptime<\/strong><\/td>\u5c31\u662f\u7528 uptime \u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8d44\u8baf\u5566\uff01<\/td><\/tr>
\/proc\/cpuinfo<\/strong><\/td>\u5173\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u5382\u5bb6\u3001\u578b\u53f7\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u7b49\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
\/proc\/cmdline<\/td>\u52a0\u8f7d kernel \u65f6\u6240\u4e0b\u8fbe\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u53c2\u6570\uff01\u67e5\u9605\u6b64\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4e86\u89e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u542f\u52a8\u7684\uff01<\/td><\/tr>
\/proc\/filesystems<\/td>\u76ee\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u7ecf\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f57\uff01<\/td><\/tr>
\/proc\/interrupts<\/td>\u76ee\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 IRQ \u5206\u914d\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
\/proc\/ioports<\/td>\u76ee\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u9762\u5404\u4e2a\u88c5\u7f6e\u6240\u914d\u7f6e\u7684 I\/O \u4f4d\u5740\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
\/proc\/kcore<\/td>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5566\uff01\u597d\u5927\u5bf9\u5427\uff01\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u8981\u8bfb\u4ed6\u5566\uff01<\/td><\/tr>
\/proc\/modules<\/td>\u76ee\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u7684 Linux \u5df2\u7ecf\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u6210\u662f\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5566\uff01<\/td><\/tr>
\/proc\/mounts<\/td>\u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u7ecf\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7528 mount \u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u547c\u53eb\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5566\uff01<\/td><\/tr>
\/proc\/swaps<\/td>\u5230\u5e95\u7cfb\u7edf\u6302\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff1f\u5475\u5475\uff01\u4f7f\u7528\u6389\u7684 partition \u5c31\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u6b64\u5566\uff01<\/td><\/tr>
\/proc\/partitions<\/td>\u4f7f\u7528 fdisk -l \u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u76ee\u524d\u6240\u6709\u7684 partition \u5427\uff1f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5f53\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u7eaa\u5f55\u5594\uff01<\/td><\/tr>
\/proc\/pci<\/td>\u5728 PCI \u6c47\u6d41\u6392\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u88c5\u7f6e\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u60c5\u51b5\uff01\u53ef\u7528 lspci \u6765\u67e5\u9605\uff01<\/td><\/tr>
\/proc\/version<\/td>\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7528 uname -a \u663e\u793a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5566\uff01<\/td><\/tr>
\/proc\/bus\/*<\/td>\u4e00\u4e9b\u6c47\u6d41\u6392\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709 U\u76d8\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e\u4e5f\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u6b64\u5594\uff01<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

7<\/strong>\u3001<\/strong>\/<\/a><\/a>dev\/<\/strong>\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a\u5757\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6(b)\u548c\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6(c)
\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u822c\u5b58\u653e\u5728\/dev\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5bf9\u5e38\u89c1\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u4f5c\u5982\u4e0b\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u76ee\u5f55<\/td>\u63cf\u8ff0<\/td><\/tr>
\/dev\/hd[a-t]<\/td>IDE\u8bbe\u5907<\/td><\/tr>
\/dev\/sd[a-z]<\/td>SCSI\u8bbe\u5907<\/td><\/tr>
\/dev\/fd[0-7]<\/td>\u6807\u51c6\u8f6f\u9a71<\/td><\/tr>
\/dev\/md[0-31]<\/td>\u8f6fraid\u8bbe\u5907<\/td><\/tr>
\/dev\/loop[0-7]<\/td>\u672c\u5730\u56de\u73af\u8bbe\u5907<\/td><\/tr>
\/dev\/ram[0-15]<\/td>\u5185\u5b58<\/td><\/tr>
\/dev\/null<\/td>\u65e0\u9650\u6570\u636e\u63a5\u6536\u8bbe\u5907,\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u9ed1\u6d1e<\/td><\/tr>
\/dev\/zero<\/td>\u65e0\u9650\u96f6\u8d44\u6e90<\/td><\/tr>
\/dev\/tty[0-63]<\/td>\u865a\u62df\u7ec8\u7aef<\/td><\/tr>
\/dev\/ttyS[0-3]<\/td>\u4e32\u53e3<\/td><\/tr>
\/dev\/lp[0-3]<\/td>\u5e76\u53e3<\/td><\/tr>
\/dev\/console<\/td>\u63a7\u5236\u53f0<\/td><\/tr>
\/dev\/fb[0-31]<\/td>framebuffer<\/td><\/tr>
\/dev\/cdrom<\/td>=> \/dev\/hdc<\/td><\/tr>
\/dev\/modem<\/td>=> \/dev\/ttyS[0-9]<\/td><\/tr>
\/dev\/pilot<\/td>=> \/dev\/ttyS[0-9]<\/td><\/tr>
\/dev\/random<\/td>\u968f\u673a\u6570\u8bbe\u5907<\/td><\/tr>
\/dev\/urandom<\/td>\u968f\u673a\u6570\u8bbe\u5907<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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