{"id":1480,"date":"2016-11-24T21:36:17","date_gmt":"2016-11-24T13:36:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/?p=1480"},"modified":"2016-11-24T21:36:17","modified_gmt":"2016-11-24T13:36:17","slug":"shell-printf-%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/hemanual\/shell-printf-%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4\/","title":{"rendered":"Shell printf \u547d\u4ee4"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"article-body\">\n<div id=\"content\" class=\"article-intro\">\n<h1>Shell printf \u547d\u4ee4<\/h1>\n<p>\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ae0\u8282\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86 Shell \u7684 echo \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u672c\u7ae0\u8282\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u5b66\u4e60 Shell \u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f93\u51fa\u547d\u4ee4 printf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>printf \u547d\u4ee4\u6a21\u4eff C \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e93\uff08library\uff09\u91cc\u7684 printf() \u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6807\u51c6\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f7f\u7528printf\u7684\u811a\u672c\u6bd4\u4f7f\u7528echo\u79fb\u690d\u6027\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>printf \u4f7f\u7528\u5f15\u7528\u6587\u672c\u6216\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5916\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728printf\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5236\u5b9a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3001\u5de6\u53f3\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u5f0f\u7b49\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4printf\u4e0d\u4f1a\u50cf echo \u81ea\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u624b\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0 \\n\u3002<\/p>\n<p>printf \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"pln\">printf  format<\/span><span class=\"pun\">-<\/span><span class=\"kwd\">string<\/span>  <span class=\"pun\">[<\/span><span class=\"pln\">arguments<\/span><span class=\"pun\">...]<\/span><\/pre>\n<p><b>\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>format-string:<\/b> \u4e3a\u683c\u5f0f\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/li>\n<li><b>arguments:<\/b> \u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"pln\">$ echo <\/span><span class=\"str\">\"Hello, Shell\"<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"typ\">Hello<\/span><span class=\"pun\">,<\/span> <span class=\"typ\">Shell<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\n$ printf <\/span><span class=\"str\">\"Hello, Shell\\n\"<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"typ\">Hello<\/span><span class=\"pun\">,<\/span> <span class=\"typ\">Shell<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\n$<\/span><\/pre>\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765,\u6211\u6765\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u6765\u4f53\u73b0printf\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u529f\u80fd\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"com\">#!\/bin\/bash<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"com\"># author:\u83dc\u9e1f\u6559\u7a0b<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"com\"># url:www.runoob.com<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\n \r\nprintf <\/span><span class=\"str\">\"%-10s %-8s %-4s\\n\"<\/span> <span class=\"pun\">\u59d3\u540d<\/span> <span class=\"pun\">\u6027\u522b<\/span> <span class=\"pun\">\u4f53\u91cd<\/span><span class=\"pln\">kg  \r\nprintf <\/span><span class=\"str\">\"%-10s %-8s %-4.2f\\n\"<\/span> <span class=\"pun\">\u90ed\u9756<\/span> <span class=\"pun\">\u7537<\/span> <span class=\"lit\">66.1234<\/span><span class=\"pln\"> \r\nprintf <\/span><span class=\"str\">\"%-10s %-8s %-4.2f\\n\"<\/span> <span class=\"pun\">\u6768\u8fc7<\/span> <span class=\"pun\">\u7537<\/span> <span class=\"lit\">48.6543<\/span><span class=\"pln\"> \r\nprintf <\/span><span class=\"str\">\"%-10s %-8s %-4.2f\\n\"<\/span> <span class=\"pun\">\u90ed\u8299<\/span> <span class=\"pun\">\u5973<\/span> <span class=\"lit\">47.9876<\/span><\/pre>\n<p>\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"pun\">\u59d3\u540d<\/span>     <span class=\"pun\">\u6027\u522b<\/span>   <span class=\"pun\">\u4f53\u91cd<\/span><span class=\"pln\">kg\r\n<\/span><span class=\"pun\">\u90ed\u9756<\/span>     <span class=\"pun\">\u7537<\/span>      <span class=\"lit\">66.12<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"pun\">\u6768\u8fc7<\/span>     <span class=\"pun\">\u7537<\/span>      <span class=\"lit\">48.65<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"pun\">\u90ed\u8299<\/span>     <span class=\"pun\">\u5973<\/span>      <span class=\"lit\">47.99<\/span><\/pre>\n<p>%s %c %d %f\u90fd\u662f\u683c\u5f0f\u66ff\u4ee3\u7b26<\/p>\n<p>%-10s \u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4e3a10\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff08-\u8868\u793a\u5de6\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5219\u8868\u793a\u53f3\u5bf9\u9f50\uff09\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u572810\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5bbd\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u5185\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u8db3\u5219\u81ea\u52a8\u4ee5\u7a7a\u683c\u586b\u5145\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5c06\u5185\u5bb9\u5168\u90e8\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<p>%-4.2f \u6307\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u4e3a\u5c0f\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d.2\u6307\u4fdd\u75592\u4f4d\u5c0f\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u66f4\u591a\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"com\">#!\/bin\/bash<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"com\"># author:\u83dc\u9e1f\u6559\u7a0b<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"com\"># url:www.runoob.com<\/span>\r\n \r\n<span class=\"com\"># format-string\u4e3a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\nprintf <\/span><span class=\"str\">\"%d %s\\n\"<\/span> <span class=\"lit\">1<\/span> <span class=\"str\">\"abc\"<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"com\"># \u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u4e0e\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u6548\u679c\u4e00\u6837 <\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\nprintf <\/span><span class=\"str\">'%d %s\\n'<\/span> <span class=\"lit\">1<\/span> <span class=\"str\">\"abc\"<\/span> \r\n\r\n<span class=\"com\"># \u6ca1\u6709\u5f15\u53f7\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u51fa<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\nprintf <\/span><span class=\"pun\">%<\/span><span class=\"pln\">s abcdef\r\n\r\n<\/span><span class=\"com\"># \u683c\u5f0f\u53ea\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u591a\u51fa\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u8be5\u683c\u5f0f\u8f93\u51fa\uff0cformat-string \u88ab\u91cd\u7528<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\nprintf <\/span><span class=\"pun\">%<\/span><span class=\"pln\">s abc <\/span><span class=\"kwd\">def<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\n\r\nprintf <\/span><span class=\"str\">\"%s\\n\"<\/span><span class=\"pln\"> abc <\/span><span class=\"kwd\">def<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\n\r\nprintf <\/span><span class=\"str\">\"%s %s %s\\n\"<\/span><span class=\"pln\"> a b c d e f g h i j\r\n\r\n<\/span><span class=\"com\"># \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709 arguments\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 %s \u7528NULL\u4ee3\u66ff\uff0c%d \u7528 0 \u4ee3\u66ff<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\nprintf <\/span><span class=\"str\">\"%s and %d \\n\"<\/span><\/pre>\n<p>\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"lit\">1<\/span><span class=\"pln\"> abc\r\n<\/span><span class=\"lit\">1<\/span><span class=\"pln\"> abc\r\nabcdefabcdefabc\r\n<\/span><span class=\"kwd\">def<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\na b c\r\nd e f\r\ng h i\r\nj  \r\n <\/span><span class=\"kwd\">and<\/span> <span class=\"lit\">0<\/span><\/pre>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>printf\u7684\u8f6c\u4e49\u5e8f\u5217<\/h2>\n<table class=\"reference\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>\u5e8f\u5217<\/th>\n<th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\\a<\/td>\n<td>\u8b66\u544a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e3aASCII\u7684BEL\u5b57\u7b26<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\\b<\/td>\n<td>\u540e\u9000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\\c<\/td>\n<td>\u6291\u5236\uff08\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\uff09\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6362\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u53ea\u5728%b\u683c\u5f0f\u6307\u793a\u7b26\u63a7\u5236\u4e0b\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u7559\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u91cc\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3001\u4efb\u4f55\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5\u53ca\u4efb\u4f55\u7559\u5728\u683c\u5f0f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u90fd\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\\f<\/td>\n<td>\u6362\u9875\uff08formfeed\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\\n<\/td>\n<td>\u6362\u884c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\\r<\/td>\n<td>\u56de\u8f66\uff08Carriage return\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\\t<\/td>\n<td>\u6c34\u5e73\u5236\u8868\u7b26<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\\v<\/td>\n<td>\u5782\u76f4\u5236\u8868\u7b26<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\\\\<\/td>\n<td>\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u5b57\u7b26<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\\ddd<\/td>\n<td>\u8868\u793a1\u52303\u4f4d\u6570\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u503c\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u4ec5\u5728\u683c\u5f0f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u6709\u6548<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\\0ddd<\/td>\n<td>\u8868\u793a1\u52303\u4f4d\u7684\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u503c\u5b57\u7b26<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/h3>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint prettyprinted\"><span class=\"pln\">$ printf <\/span><span class=\"str\">\"a string, no processing:&lt;%s&gt;\\n\"<\/span> <span class=\"str\">\"A\\nB\"<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\na <\/span><span class=\"kwd\">string<\/span><span class=\"pun\">,<\/span> <span class=\"kwd\">no<\/span><span class=\"pln\"> processing<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:&lt;<\/span><span class=\"pln\">A\\nB<\/span><span class=\"pun\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\n\r\n$ printf <\/span><span class=\"str\">\"a string, no processing:&lt;%b&gt;\\n\"<\/span> <span class=\"str\">\"A\\nB\"<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\na <\/span><span class=\"kwd\">string<\/span><span class=\"pun\">,<\/span> <span class=\"kwd\">no<\/span><span class=\"pln\"> processing<\/span><span class=\"pun\">:&lt;<\/span><span class=\"pln\">A\r\nB<\/span><span class=\"pun\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\n\r\n$ printf <\/span><span class=\"str\">\"www.runoob.com \\a\"<\/span><span class=\"pln\">\r\nwww<\/span><span class=\"pun\">.<\/span><span class=\"pln\">runoob<\/span><span class=\"pun\">.<\/span><span class=\"pln\">com $                  <\/span><span class=\"com\">#\u4e0d\u6362\u884c\r\n\r\n\r\n\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.runoob.com\/linux\/linux-shell-printf.html\r\n<\/span><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Shell printf \u547d\u4ee4 \u4e0a\u4e00\u7ae0\u8282\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86 Shell \u7684 echo \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u672c\u7ae0\u8282\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u5b66\u4e60 Shel &#8230; <a title=\"Shell printf \u547d\u4ee4\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/hemanual\/shell-printf-%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4\/\" aria-label=\"\u9605\u8bfb Shell printf \u547d\u4ee4\">\u9605\u8bfb\u66f4\u591a<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,49],"tags":[470],"class_list":["post-1480","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hemanual","category-linux","tag-linuxshellprintf"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1480","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1480"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1480\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1481,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1480\/revisions\/1481"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1480"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1480"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1480"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}