{"id":1084,"date":"2016-08-07T18:41:54","date_gmt":"2016-08-07T10:41:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/?p=1084"},"modified":"2016-08-07T18:41:54","modified_gmt":"2016-08-07T10:41:54","slug":"linux-%e5%85%a5%e4%be%b5%e6%a3%80%e6%b5%8b%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e4%b9%8b%e5%ae%a1%e8%ae%a1%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/hemanual\/linux-%e5%85%a5%e4%be%b5%e6%a3%80%e6%b5%8b%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e4%b9%8b%e5%ae%a1%e8%ae%a1%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux-\u5165\u4fb5\u68c0\u6d4b\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u5ba1\u8ba1\u547d\u4ee4"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5728linux\u4e2d\u67095\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u5ba1\u8ba1\u7684\u547d\u4ee4 :<\/p>\n

* last : \u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b\u6211\u4e48\u4f60\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6210\u529f\u767b\u5f55\u3001\u5173\u673a\u3001\u91cd\u542f\u7b49\u60c5\u51b5;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u662f\u5c06<\/p>\n

\/var\/log\/wtmp\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u8f93\u51fa;<\/p>\n

* lastb : \u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b\u767b\u5f55\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u60c5\u51b5;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\/var\/log\/btmp\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u8f93\u51fa;<\/p>\n

* lastlog : \u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u60c5\u51b5;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\/var\/log\/lastlog\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u8f93<\/p>\n

\u51fa;<\/p>\n

* who : \u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u6237\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u60c5\u51b5;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\/var\/log\/utmp\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u5316<\/p>\n

\u8f93\u51fa;<\/p>\n

* w : \u4e0ewho\u547d\u4ee4\u4e00\u81f4;<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<1>last \u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n

\u8bed \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u6cd5 : \u00a0last [-adRx][-f <\u8bb0\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6>][-n <\u663e\u793a\u5217\u6570>][\u8d26\u53f7\u540d\u79f0…][\u7ec8\u7aef\u673a\u7f16\u53f7…]<\/p>\n

\u529f\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e : \u00a0\u5217\u51fa\u76ee\u524d\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u767b\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7528\u6237\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f;<\/p>\n

\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\u660e : \u00a0\u5355\u72ec\u6267\u884clast\u6307\u4ee4,\u5b83\u4f1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u4f4d\u4e8e\/var\/log\/wtmp\u6587\u4ef6,\u5e76\u628a\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u767b\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u5355\u5168\u90e8\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765;<\/p>\n

\u53c2 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u6570 :<\/p>\n

-a \u00a0\u00a0\u628a\u4ece\u4f55\u5904\u767b\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u79f0\u6216IP\u5730\u5740,\u663e\u793a\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c;<\/p>\n

-d \u00a0\u00a0\u5c06IP\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u79f0;<\/p>\n

-f <\u8bb0\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6> \u00a0\u6307\u5b9a\u8bb0\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6;<\/p>\n

-n <\u663e\u793a\u5217\u6570>\u6216-<\u663e\u793a\u5217\u6570> \u00a0\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u5355\u7684\u663e\u793a\u5217\u6570;<\/p>\n

-R \u00a0\u00a0\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u767b\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u6216IP\u5730\u5740;<\/p>\n

-x \u00a0\u00a0\u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5173\u673a\u3001\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u673a\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u6267\u884c\u7b49\u7ea7\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f;<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u6848\u4f8b :<\/p>\n

(1)last\u9ed8\u8ba4\u663e\u793awtmp\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55,\u82e5\u60f3\u901a\u8fc7last\u547d\u4ee4\u663e\u793abtmp\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u5462?<\/p>\n

\u547d\u4ee4 : last -f \/var\/log\/btmp<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(2)\u53ef\u80fdwtmp\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fc7\u591a,\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67e5\u8be2\u6bd4\u8f83\u8d39\u529b,\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u6700\u65b0\u76845\u5217\u540d\u5355?<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u662f:<\/p>\n

\u547d\u4ee4 : last -n 5(n\u4e0e5\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u65e0\u7a7a\u683c\u4e00\u6837) \u6216\u8005last -5<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662fwtmp\u662f\u4ece\u4e0a\u5f80\u4e0b\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684,\u8fd9\u6837\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5c31\u5e76\u975e\u6700\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u4e86.<\/p>\n

\u5229\u7528tail\u547d\u4ee4\u5462?<\/p>\n

\u547d\u4ee4 : last | tail -7<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\uff1a\u89c2\u5bdf\u8fc7wtmp\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0wtmp\u7ed3\u5c3e\u6709\u4e00\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u4e00\u884c\u7a7a\u683c.\u201dtail -7\u201d\u00a0\u8fd9\u6837\u53cd\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5217\u51fa\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6700\u65b05\u5217\u540d\u5355.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(3)\u663e\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u60c5\u51b5\u6216\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5(reboot\/shutdown)\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u770b<\/p>\n

\u547d\u4ee4 : last -n 5 root \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\u663e\u793aroot\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u524d\u4e94\u5217<\/p>\n

\u547d\u4ee4 : last -x reboot\/shutdown \u00a0\u00a0\/\/\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u91cd\u542f\/\u5173\u673a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<2>lastb \u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n

\u8bed \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u6cd5 : \u00a0last [-adRx][-f <\u8bb0\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6>][-n <\u663e\u793a\u5217\u6570>][\u8d26\u53f7\u540d\u79f0…][\u7ec8\u7aef\u673a\u7f16\u53f7…]<\/p>\n

\u529f\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e : \u00a0\u5217\u51fa\u76ee\u524d\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u767b\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u7528\u6237\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f;<\/p>\n

\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\u660e : \u00a0\u5355\u72ec\u6267\u884clast\u6307\u4ee4,\u5b83\u4f1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u4f4d\u4e8e\/var\/log\/btmp\u6587\u4ef6,\u5e76\u628a\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u767b\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u5355\u5168\u90e8\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765;<\/p>\n

\u53c2 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u6570 :<\/p>\n

-a \u00a0\u00a0\u628a\u4ece\u4f55\u5904\u767b\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u79f0\u6216IP\u5730\u5740,\u663e\u793a\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c;<\/p>\n

-d \u00a0\u00a0\u5c06IP\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u79f0;<\/p>\n

-f <\u8bb0\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6> \u00a0\u6307\u5b9a\u8bb0\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6;<\/p>\n

-n <\u663e\u793a\u5217\u6570>\u6216-<\u663e\u793a\u5217\u6570> \u00a0\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u5355\u7684\u663e\u793a\u5217\u6570;<\/p>\n

-R \u00a0\u00a0\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u767b\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u6216IP\u5730\u5740;<\/p>\n

-x \u00a0\u00a0\u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5173\u673a\u3001\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u673a\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u6267\u884c\u7b49\u7ea7\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f;<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u6ce8 : lastb \u529f\u80fd\u57fa\u672c\u8ddflast\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684,\u53ea\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u540c,\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3abtmp,\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3awtmp.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<3>lastlog \u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n

\u8bed \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u6cd5 : \u00a0lastlog<\/p>\n

\u529f\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e : \u00a0\u68c0\u67e5\u67d0\u7279\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u4e0a\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n

\u53c2 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u6570 :<\/p>\n

-b <\u5929\u6570> \u00a0\u663e\u793a\u6307\u5b9a\u5929\u6570\u524d\u7684\u767b\u9646\u4fe1\u606f;<\/p>\n

-h \u00a0\u00a0\u663e\u793a\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f;<\/p>\n

-t <\u5929\u6570> \u00a0\u663e\u793a\u6307\u5b9a\u5929\u6570\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u4fe1\u606f;<\/p>\n

-u <\u7528\u6237\u540d> \u00a0\u663e\u793a\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6700\u8fd1\u767b\u5f55\u4fe1\u606f;<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<4>who\u3001w \u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n

[root@sqj ~]# who<\/p>\n

root \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0pts\/0 \u00a0\u00a02016-08-06 23:38 (XX.XX.XX.XX)<\/p>\n

[root@sqj ~]# w<\/p>\n

06:29:11 up 3 days, 16:26, \u00a01 user, \u00a0load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00<\/p>\n

USER \u00a0TTY \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0FROM \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0LOGIN@ \u00a0\u00a0IDLE \u00a0\u00a0JCPU \u00a0\u00a0PCPU WHAT<\/p>\n

root \u00a0\u00a0pts\/0 \u00a0XX.XX.XX.XX \u00a0\u00a023:38 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a00.00s \u00a00.29s \u00a00.00s w<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5728linux\u4e2d\u67095\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u5ba1\u8ba1\u7684\u547d\u4ee4 : * last : \u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b\u6211\u4e48\u4f60\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6210\u529f\u767b\u5f55\u3001\u5173\u673a\u3001\u91cd\u542f\u7b49 … \u9605\u8bfb\u66f4\u591a<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,49],"tags":[372,38,374,373],"class_list":["post-1084","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hemanual","category-linux","tag-last","tag-linux","tag-w","tag-who"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1084","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1084"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1084\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1085,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1084\/revisions\/1085"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1084"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1084"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/xueyuan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1084"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}