{"id":32981,"date":"2026-09-02T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-02T02:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/?p=32981"},"modified":"2026-09-05T13:57:01","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T05:57:01","slug":"nginx-upstream-practical","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/tutorials\/nginx-upstream-practical\/","title":{"rendered":"Nginx upstream \u540e\u7aef\u6c60\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u5b9e\u6218"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Nginx<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u7528 Nginx upstream \u628a\u591a\u4e2a\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u7ec4\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u6c60\u5b50\uff0c\u8ba9\u8bf7\u6c42\u81ea\u52a8\u5206\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u5e76\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u6545\u969c\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u907f\u5f00\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u7ad9\u70b9\u4ece\u5355\u673a\u8d70\u5411\u96c6\u7fa4\u65f6\u9047\u5230\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95e8\u69db\uff1a\u540e\u7aef\u4e00\u65e6\u591a\u4e8e\u4e00\u53f0\uff0c\u5149\u9760\u4e00\u4e2a server \u6bb5\u5c31\u6491\u4e0d\u4f4f\u4e86\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5957\u65e2\u80fd\u8f6c\u53d1\u3001\u53c8\u80fd\u8c03\u5ea6\u3001\u8fd8\u80fd\u5254\u9664\u6545\u969c\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4f1a\u4ece upstream \u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bed\u6cd5\u8bb2\u8d77\uff0c\u5e26\u4f60\u9010\u4e2a\u770b\u8f6e\u8be2\u3001\u6743\u91cd\u3001IP Hash \u8fd9\u51e0\u7c7b\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u518d\u91cd\u70b9\u8bf4\u660e\u4e3b\u52a8\u4e0e\u88ab\u52a8\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u533a\u522b\u548c\u53d6\u820d\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u6539\u5b8c\u914d\u7f6e\u5374\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u5168\u6587\u6bcf\u4e00\u8282\u90fd\u4f1a\u7ed9\u51fa\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e2e\u4f60\u628a\u914d\u7f6e\u843d\u5728\u771f\u5b9e\u73af\u5883\u91cc\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u505c\u5728\u7eb8\u9762\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\uff08Load Balancing\uff0c\u628a\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u914d\u5230\u591a\u53f0\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff09\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f Nginx \u72ec\u6709\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46 Nginx \u51ed\u501f\u8f7b\u91cf\u7684\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u7684 upstream \u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u642d\u5efa\u540e\u7aef\u6c60\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5165\u53e3\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8fd8\u4e0d\u592a\u6e05\u695a\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u5728\u6574\u5957\u67b6\u6784\u91cc\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u7ffb\u770b\u8fd9\u7bc7Nginx \u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u4e0e\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u6307\u5357<\/a>\uff0c\u628a\u201c\u8c01\u6765\u63a5\u5165\u6d41\u91cf\u3001\u8c01\u6765\u8f6c\u7ed9\u540e\u7aef\u201d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u987a\uff0c\u518d\u56de\u6765\u914d\u7f6e\u4f1a\u66f4\u7701\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5148\u642d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u5c0f\u7684 upstream \u540e\u7aef\u6c60<\/h2>\n

upstream \u5757\u901a\u5e38\u653e\u5728 Nginx \u7684 http<\/code> \u5c42\u7ea7\uff0c\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5148\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u7ec4\u540e\u7aef\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u518d\u7531 server<\/code> \u6bb5\u91cc\u7684 proxy_pass<\/code> \u5f15\u7528\u3002\u6700\u5c0f\u914d\u7f6e\u957f\u8fd9\u6837\uff1a<\/p>\n

http {\n    upstream backend_pool {\n        server 10.0.0.11:8080;\n        server 10.0.0.12:8080;\n        server 10.0.0.13:8080;\n    }\n\n    server {\n        listen 80;\n        server_name app.example.com;\n\n        location \/ {\n            proxy_pass http:\/\/backend_pool;\n            proxy_set_header Host $host;\n            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;\n        }\n    }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u91cc upstream backend_pool<\/code> \u58f0\u660e\u4e86\u4e09\u53f0\u540e\u7aef\uff0cproxy_pass<\/code> \u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5411\u6c60\u5b50\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u5c31\u4f1a\u6309\u7b56\u7565\u5206\u5230\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u53f0\u3002\u52a0\u8f7d\u524d\u5148\u7528 nginx -t<\/code> \u68c0\u67e5\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u518d nginx -s reload<\/code> \u91cd\u8f7d\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u91cd\u542f\u751f\u4ea7 Nginx\u3002\u9a8c\u8bc1\u662f\u5426\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 curl -I http:\/\/app.example.com<\/code> \u8fde\u7eed\u8bf7\u6c42\u51e0\u6b21\uff0c\u914d\u5408\u540e\u7aef\u65e5\u5fd7\u91cc\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u6765\u6e90 IP \u6216\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u6d41\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u88ab\u5206\u5230\u4e86\u591a\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n
\u914d\u7f6e\u91cc\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u8981\u987a\u624b\u517b\u6210\u4e60\u60ef\uff1aproxy_set_header Host<\/code> \u4fdd\u8bc1\u540e\u7aef\u62ff\u5230\u7684\u662f\u539f\u59cb\u57df\u540d\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5185\u7f51 IP\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u591a\u7ad9\u70b9\u5171\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u540e\u7aef\u6c60\u65f6\u5bb9\u6613\u4e32\u7ad9\uff1bproxy_set_header X-Real-IP<\/code> \u628a\u771f\u5b9e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef IP \u4f20\u7ed9\u540e\u7aef\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u6392\u67e5\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5934\u662f\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u515c\u5e95\u9879\uff0c\u6f0f\u6389\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u6001\u3001\u9650\u6d41\u548c\u5ba1\u8ba1\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9009\u62e9\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u8f6e\u8be2\u3001\u6743\u91cd\u3001IP Hash \u600e\u4e48\u6311<\/h2>\n
upstream \u5757\u4e0d\u5199\u4efb\u4f55\u7b56\u7565\u65f6\uff0cNginx \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528\u8f6e\u8be2\uff08Round Robin\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u8bf7\u6c42\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u8f6e\u6d41\u53d1\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u540e\u7aef\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u540e\u7aef\u6027\u80fd\u76f8\u8fd1\u3001\u94fe\u8def\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002\u5b83\u5b9e\u73b0\u6700\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u7f3a\u70b9\u4e5f\u660e\u663e\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e00\u53f0\u540e\u7aef\u662f\u65e7\u673a\u5668\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u660e\u663e\u66f4\u4f4e\uff0c\u8f6e\u8be2\u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u5e73\u5206\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u628a\u6162\u8282\u70b9\u62d6\u6210\u74f6\u9888\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed9\u8282\u70b9\u52a0 weight<\/code> \u6743\u91cd\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8ba9\u914d\u7f6e\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u627f\u62c5\u66f4\u591a\u6d41\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n
upstream backend_pool {\n    server 10.0.0.11:8080 weight=3;\n    server 10.0.0.12:8080 weight=2;\n    server 10.0.0.13:8080 weight=1;\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6743\u91cd\u503c\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u88ab\u9009\u4e2d\u7684\u6982\u7387\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u201c\u591a\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u89c4\u683c\u4e0d\u540c\u3001\u5e0c\u671b\u6309\u7b97\u529b\u5206\u914d\u201d\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u8bf7\u6c42\u6d41\u88ab\u6309\u4e0d\u540c\u7c97\u7ec6\u5206\u53d1\u5230\u4e09\u53f0\u6743\u91cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u540e\u7aef\u8282\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n
\"Nginx<\/p>\n
\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7b56\u7565\u662f IP Hash\uff08ip_hash;<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u6309\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef IP \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u5206\u914d\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8ba9\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5c3d\u91cf\u843d\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u53f0\u540e\u7aef\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u9700\u8981\u672c\u5730\u4f1a\u8bdd\uff08Session\uff09\u800c\u6ca1\u505a\u96c6\u4e2d\u5f0f\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5f88\u53cb\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5206\u6563\u76f8\u5bf9\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u67d0\u4e2a IP \u6bb5\u7684\u7528\u6237\u538b\u529b\u4f1a\u96c6\u4e2d\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6269\u5bb9\u6216\u7f29\u5bb9\u65f6\u4e5f\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73b0\u504f\u79fb\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u540e\u7aef\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee\u5f02\u5927\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651 least_conn;<\/code> \u6700\u5c0f\u8fde\u63a5\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u628a\u65b0\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u7ed9\u5f53\u524d\u6d3b\u8dc3\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u6ca1\u6709\u94f6\u5f39\uff1a\u540e\u7aef\u89c4\u683c\u63a5\u8fd1\u770b\u91cd\u7b80\u5355\u7a33\u5b9a\u5c31\u9009\u8f6e\u8be2\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u6027\u80fd\u5dee\u5f02\u5927\u5c31\u52a0\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u5f3a\u4f9d\u8d56\u672c\u5730\u4f1a\u8bdd\u53c8\u4e0d\u60f3\u52a8\u4ee3\u7801\u5c31\u9009 IP Hash\uff0c\u540e\u7aef\u5404\u8282\u70b9\u8d1f\u8f7d\u6ce2\u52a8\u5267\u70c8\u5219\u503e\u5411\u6700\u5c0f\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u6362\u7b56\u7565\u53ea\u9700\u6539 upstream \u5757\u91cc\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u5e76 reload\uff0c\u6210\u672c\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u7ed3\u5408\u538b\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u6765\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7167\u6284\u7f51\u4e0a\u6a21\u677f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\uff1a\u88ab\u52a8\u53d1\u73b0\u6545\u969c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a2\u6d4b<\/h2>\n
\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u53ea\u89e3\u51b3\u201c\u600e\u4e48\u5206\u6d41\u91cf\u201d\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u8ba9\u540e\u7aef\u6c60\u5728\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\uff08High Availability\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6545\u969c\u65f6\u4ecd\u80fd\u6301\u7eed\u5bf9\u5916\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff09\u4e0a\u7acb\u4f4f\u7684\u662f\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u3002Nginx \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a\u88ab\u52a8\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\uff08Passive Health Check\uff09\u548c\u4e3b\u52a8\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\uff08Active Health Check\uff09\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u88ab\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ea\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u7ecf\u8fc7\u65f6\u89c2\u5bdf\u540e\u7aef\u662f\u5426\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u5219\u7531 Nginx \u81ea\u5df1\u5b9a\u671f\u53d1\u8d77\u63a2\u6d4b\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u5b9e\u6d41\u91cf\u4e5f\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u8282\u70b9\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n
\"\u88ab\u52a8\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u4e0e\u4e3b\u52a8\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u793a\u610f\"<\/p>\n
\u88ab\u52a8\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u662f Nginx \u5f00\u6e90\u7248\u9ed8\u8ba4\u81ea\u5e26\u3001\u65e0\u9700\u989d\u5916\u7f16\u8bd1\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u7528 max_fails<\/code> \u548c fail_timeout<\/code> \u5c31\u80fd\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u770b\u8fd9\u6bb5\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n
upstream backend_pool {\n    server 10.0.0.11:8080 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;\n    server 10.0.0.12:8080 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;\n    server 10.0.0.13:8080 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u542b\u4e49\u662f\uff1a\u5728 fail_timeout<\/code>\uff0830 \u79d2\uff09\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u7a97\u5185\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u53f0\u540e\u7aef\u8fde\u7eed\u5931\u8d25\u8fbe\u5230 max_fails<\/code>\uff083\uff09\u6b21\uff0c\u5c31\u628a\u8fd9\u53f0\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765 30 \u79d2\u5185\u4e0d\u518d\u628a\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9\u5b83\uff0c\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u8fc7\u540e\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u91cd\u65b0\u63a2\u6d4b\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5224\u65ad\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u8d85\u65f6\u4ee5\u53ca 5xx \u7c7b\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u662f\u96f6\u6210\u672c\u3001\u5f00\u6e90\u7248\u76f4\u63a5\u80fd\u7528\uff0c\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u4eba\u8bbf\u95ee\u624d\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u5224\u65ad\u2014\u2014\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u591c\u95f4\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u6545\u969c\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u80fd\u4e00\u665a\u4e0a\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5254\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e3b\u52a8\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\uff1a\u8ba9 Nginx \u5b9a\u671f\u81ea\u5df1\u63a2\u6d4b<\/h2>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4e1a\u52a1\u5bf9\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5373\u4f7f\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u5b9e\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e5f\u80fd\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u6545\u969c\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4e3b\u52a8\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\u5f00\u6e90\u7248 Nginx \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u5e26\u8fd9\u4e2a\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u5b98\u65b9\u5546\u4e1a\u7248\u6a21\u5757 ngx_http_upstream_module<\/code> \u7684 health_check \u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u9009\u7528 Nginx \u793e\u533a\u6784\u5efa\u7684 ngx_http_upstream_check_module<\/code> \u8865\u4e01\u7248\u672c\u3002\u662f\u5426\u542f\u7528\u4e3b\u52a8\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u770b\u4f60\u7684\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u662f\u5426\u5185\u7f6e\u5bf9\u5e94\u6a21\u5757\u2014\u2014\u5728 nginx -V<\/code> \u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u53c2\u6570\u91cc\u770b\u5230 --with-http_upstream_check_module<\/code> \u624d\u7b97\u5177\u5907\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5373\u4fbf\u5199\u4e86\u914d\u7f6e\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5728 nginx -t<\/code> \u65f6\u62a5 \u201cunknown directive\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u793e\u533a\u8865\u4e01\u6a21\u5757\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u957f\u8fd9\u6837\uff1a<\/p>\n
upstream backend_pool {\n    server 10.0.0.11:8080;\n    server 10.0.0.12:8080;\n    server 10.0.0.13:8080;\n    check interval=5000 rise=2 fall=3 timeout=2000 type=http;\n    check_http_send "HEAD \/health HTTP\/1.0\\r\\nHost: app.example.com\\r\\n\\r\\n";\n    check_http_expect_alive http_2xx;\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u6bb5\u914d\u7f6e\u6bcf 5 \u79d2\uff08interval=5000<\/code>\uff09\u5411\u6bcf\u53f0\u540e\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u6b21 HEAD \/health<\/code> \u8bf7\u6c42\uff1b\u8fde\u7eed\u6210\u529f 2 \u6b21\uff08rise=2<\/code>\uff09\u5224\u5b9a\u8282\u70b9\u6062\u590d\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed\u5931\u8d25 3 \u6b21\uff08fall=3<\/code>\uff09\u5224\u5b9a\u8282\u70b9\u6545\u969c\u5e76\u505c\u6b62\u8f6c\u53d1\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u5355\u6b21\u63a2\u6d4b\u8d85\u65f6\u4e3a 2 \u79d2\u3002\u5173\u952e\u662f\u540e\u7aef\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7684 \/health<\/code> \u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd4\u56de\u7684 2xx \u72b6\u6001\u7801\u624d\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u4e1a\u52a1\u771f\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u201d\u2014\u2014\u53ea\u68c0\u67e5\u7aef\u53e3\u901a\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u6545\u969c\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6d3b\u7740\u4f46\u5e94\u7528\u5df2\u5361\u6b7b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6392\u969c\u4e0e\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff1a\u522b\u8ba9\u914d\u7f6e\u53ea\u505c\u5728\u201c\u80fd\u52a0\u8f7d\u201d<\/h2>\n
\u5199\u597d upstream \u914d\u7f6e\u53ea\u662f\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5751\u5f80\u5f80\u85cf\u5728\u9a8c\u8bc1\u73af\u8282\u3002\u6539\u5b8c\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u901a\u8fc7 nginx -t<\/code> \u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5148\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u51e0\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u786e\u8ba4\u6c60\u5b50\u771f\u7684\u5728\u6309\u9884\u671f\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u770b\u5b9e\u65f6\u8fde\u63a5\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u6267\u884c ss -tn state established '( dport = :8080 )'<\/code> \u89c2\u5bdf Nginx \u8fde\u5230\u54ea\u4e9b\u540e\u7aef\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u518d\u5bf9\u6bd4\u540e\u7aef\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u662f\u5426\u90fd\u6709\u65b0\u589e\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u6a21\u62df\u6545\u969c\u540e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5254\u9664\u3002\u628a\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u53f0\u540e\u7aef\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u505c\u6389\uff0c\u7528 curl -s -o \/dev\/null -w \"%{http_code}\\n\" http:\/\/app.example.com<\/code> \u8fde\u7eed\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5931\u8d25\u662f\u5426\u5148\u51fa\u73b0\u51e0\u6b21\u3001\u968f\u540e\u88ab\u5c4f\u853d\u3001\u4e4b\u540e\u59cb\u7ec8\u62ff\u5230 200\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u88ab\u52a8\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u771f\u6b63\u52a0\u8f7d\u2014\u2014\u90e8\u5206\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b fail_timeout<\/code> \u4e0e proxy_next_upstream<\/code> \u7684\u914d\u5408\u4f1a\u8ba9\u201c\u5931\u8d25\u91cd\u8bd5\u201d\u63a9\u76d6\u5254\u9664\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7ed3\u5408\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7 upstream connect error<\/code> \u4e00\u8d77\u5224\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\u8981\u7279\u522b\u63d0\u9192\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u8e29\u7684\u5751\uff1aNginx \u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u5bf9\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25\u548c\u8d85\u65f6\u505a\u88ab\u52a8\u5254\u9664\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u540e\u7aef\u8fd4\u56de\u4e86 502\/504 \u4e4b\u7c7b\u7531 Nginx \u81ea\u5df1\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u8282\u70b9\u4e0b\u7ebf\u3002\u82e5\u60f3\u8ba9\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u6545\u969c\u4e5f\u80fd\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u7ed9\u540e\u7aef\u52a0\u4e0a\u524d\u9762\u8bf4\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5728\u4e1a\u52a1\u4ee3\u7801\u91cc\u8ba9\u5f02\u5e38\u76f4\u63a5\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u6216\u8fd4\u56de 4xx \u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u660e\u786e\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u5957\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u7ba1\u7406\u914d\u7f6e\u8981\u548c Linux \u5185\u6838\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u8d77\u8c03\u4f18\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5148\u770b\u8fd9\u7bc7\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\u53c2\u6570 sysctl \u5b9e\u6218<\/a>\uff0c\u628a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u8fde\u63a5\u961f\u5217\u4e0e Nginx \u7684\u8f6c\u53d1\u4e0a\u9650\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5185\u6838\u653e\u884c\u800c Nginx \u53c8\u62e6\u56de\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n
\u628a\u540e\u7aef\u6c60\u63a5\u8fdb\u65e5\u5e38\u8fd0\u7ef4<\/h2>\n
upstream \u540e\u7aef\u6c60\u4e0d\u662f\u914d\u5b8c\u5c31\u4e00\u52b3\u6c38\u9038\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u4ea4\u4ed8\u524d\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u5b8c\u6574\u6f14\u7ec3\uff1a\u5148\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u628a\u67d0\u53f0\u540e\u7aef\u505c\u6389\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u6d41\u91cf\u5728\u51e0\u5341\u79d2\u5185\u81ea\u52a8\u5207\u8d70\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u4e0d\u51fa\u73b0\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u62a5\u9519\uff0c\u518d\u628a\u8282\u70b9\u6062\u590d\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u987a\u5229\u56de\u6c60\u3002\u6f14\u7ec3\u901a\u8fc7\u540e\uff0c\u628a Nginx \u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\u63a5\u5230\u76d1\u63a7\u91cc\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8 upstream<\/code> \u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8d85\u65f6\u4e0e\u91cd\u8bd5\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5f53\u67d0\u53f0\u540e\u7aef\u771f\u6b63\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f60\u80fd\u5728\u7528\u6237\u611f\u77e5\u4e4b\u524d\u4ece\u65e5\u5fd7\u6216\u544a\u8b66\u91cc\u770b\u5230\u5f81\u5146\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u8fd0\u884c\u5728 [VPS](https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/vps\/)\uff08[\u865a\u62df\u4e13\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668](https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/vps\/)\uff09\u4e0a\u7684\u4e2d\u5c0f\u7ad9\u70b9\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cupstream \u52a0\u88ab\u52a8\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u57fa\u672c\u591f\u7528\uff1b\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u7ad9\u70b9\u6d41\u91cf\u5927\u3001\u4e1a\u52a1\u5bf9\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u6709\u786c\u6027\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u624d\u503c\u5f97\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e3b\u52a8\u68c0\u67e5\u53bb\u9009\u7528\u5e26\u5bf9\u5e94\u6a21\u5757\u7684 Nginx \u6784\u5efa\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u4ece\u8fd9\u91cc\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u7528\u4e00\u53f0\u771f\u5b9e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u628a\u6700\u5c0f\u6c60\u5b50\u642d\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u518d\u9010\u6b65\u53e0\u52a0\u6743\u91cd\u548c\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u6bd4\u4e00\u6b21\u5199\u4e00\u5927\u6bb5\u914d\u7f6e\u66f4\u7a33\u59a5\u3002\u5165\u53e3\u5c42\u3001Web \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u7ba1\u7406\u8981\u4e00\u8d77\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u505a\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u8fd9\u7bc7Nginx worker \u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0e\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u5b9e\u6218<\/a>\uff0c\u628a\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0a\u9650\u4e0e upstream \u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5e0c\u671b\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u53f0\u914d\u7f6e\u597d\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u5165\u53e3\u5c42\u7684 VPS\uff08\u865a\u62df[\u4e13\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668](https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/dedicated-server\/)\uff09\u4e0a\u505a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0cHostease \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684VPS \u4e3b\u673a\u65b9\u6848<\/a>\u81ea\u5e26\u72ec\u7acb root \u6743\u9650\u548c\u5b8c\u6574\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u4f60\u81ea\u7531\u5b9e\u8df5\u672c\u6587\u7684 upstream \u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u5165\u53e3\u7684\u66f4\u5b8c\u6574\u914d\u7f6e\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u53c2\u8003\u6211\u4eec\u7684WordPress \u4f18\u5316\u4e13\u9898<\/a>\uff0c\u628a\u5165\u53e3\u5c42\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u4e32\u8d77\u6765\u6392\u67e5\u3002\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u4f60\u6309\u201c\u5148\u6700\u5c0f\u6c60\u5b50\u3001\u518d\u52a0\u6743\u91cd\u3001\u6700\u540e\u4e0a\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u201d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u843d\u5730\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u8dd1\u4e00\u904d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u72b6\u6001\u5c31\u56de\u5230 ss<\/code> \u4e0e\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\u91cc\u627e\u8bc1\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u4ece upstream \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u5230\u8f6e\u8be2\u3001\u6743\u91cd\u3001\u6700\u5c0f\u8fde\u63a5\u7b49\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u4e3b\u52a8\u4e0e\u88ab\u52a8\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u8bb2\u6e05 Nginx \u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u6c60\u7684\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":32978,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4099],"tags":[393,5009,5011,5010],"class_list":["post-32981","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tutorials","tag-nginx","tag-nginxupstream","tag-5011","tag-5010"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/nginx-upstream-practical-cover.webp","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32981","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32981"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32981\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32982,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32981\/revisions\/32982"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32978"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32981"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32981"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32981"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}