{"id":32899,"date":"2026-08-31T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-31T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/?p=32899"},"modified":"2026-08-31T14:44:20","modified_gmt":"2026-08-31T06:44:20","slug":"postgresql-practical-server-database","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/guides\/postgresql-practical-server-database\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL \u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0e\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u8c03\u4f18\u5b9e\u6218\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53cc\u7ba1\u9f50\u4e0b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/postgresql-practical-server-database-cover.webp\" alt=\"PostgreSQL \u8c03\u4f18\u5c01\u9762\u56fe\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e3b\u4f53\u8fde\u63a5\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u8ba1\u65f6\u4e0e\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u8282\u70b9\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6307\u5357\u6559\u4f60\u5982\u4f55\u7ed9 PostgreSQL \u505a\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0e\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u8c03\u4f18\uff0c\u4ece&#8221;\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u672c\u4f53&#8221;\u548c&#8221;\u5e94\u7528\u63a5\u5165\u5c42&#8221;\u4e24\u6761\u8def\u540c\u65f6\u4e0b\u624b\u3002\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u4f1a\u62d6\u6162\u5355\u6761\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u81a8\u80c0\u5219\u4f1a\u5728\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u65f6\u628a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u538b\u57ae\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u76f8\u4f34\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u638c\u63e1\u4e00\u5957\u4ece\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u843d\u5730\u7684\u8c03\u4f18\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u80fd\u663e\u8457\u6539\u5584\u7ad9\u70b9\u548c\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5148\u8bf4\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u8c03\u4f18\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u6b65\u5230\u4f4d\u7684\u94f6\u5f39\uff0c\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u662f&#8221;\u5148\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u5e76\u4fee SQL\/\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u518d\u8c03\u6574\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u7ba1\u7406\u5e76\u53d1&#8221;\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0a\u6765\u5c31\u6539\u4e00\u5806\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6309\u8fd9\u4e2a\u987a\u5e8f\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u7ed9\u51fa\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u53ef\u6838\u5bf9\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5957\u65b9\u6cd5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u81ea\u5efa PostgreSQL \u7684 Web \u4e1a\u52a1\u3002\u82e5\u4f60\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u8fd8\u6709\u522b\u7684\u74f6\u9888\uff0c\u53ef\u4e00\u5e76\u53c2\u8003\u7ad9\u5185 <a href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/guides\/mysql-slow-query-analysis\/\">MySQL \u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u5206\u6790<\/a> \u4e0e <a href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/guides\/redis-persistence-recovery\/\">Redis \u6301\u4e45\u5316\u4e0e\u6062\u590d<\/a> \u7684\u601d\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e00\u3001\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\uff1a\u5148\u8ba9\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u81ea\u5df1\u8bf4\u8bdd<\/h2>\n<p>PostgreSQL\uff08\u4e00\u6b3e\u5f00\u6e90\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u628a\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u90fd\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5f00\u542f\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002\u901a\u8fc7 <code>log_min_duration_statement<\/code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8017\u65f6\u9608\u503c\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u88ab\u5199\u5165\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u505a\u6700\u5c0f\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"bash\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"false\"> # \u7f16\u8f91 postgresql.conf\uff0c\u91cd\u542f\u540e\u751f\u6548\nlog_min_duration_statement = 300\n # \u4e5f\u53ef\u7528 ALTER SYSTEM \u52a8\u6001\u8bbe\u7f6e\nALTER SYSTEM SET log_min_duration_statement = 300;\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u628a\u9608\u503c\u8bbe\u6210 300 \u6beb\u79d2\uff08\u793a\u4f8b\uff09\uff0c\u5c0f\u4e8e\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u8bed\u53e5\u4e0d\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u65e5\u5fd7\u88ab\u9ad8\u9891\u77ed\u67e5\u8be2\u5237\u7206\u3002\u91cd\u542f\u6216\u7528 <code>SELECT pg_reload_conf();<\/code> \u91cd\u8f7d\u540e\uff0c\u6162\u8bed\u53e5\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002\u4f60\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u52a9\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u89c6\u56fe\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u770b\u8fd1\u671f\u6700\u8017\u65f6\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7b49\u5230\u65e5\u5fd7\u7d2f\u79ef\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"bash\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"false\"> # \u67e5\u770b\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u6700\u957f\u7684\u51e0\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\nSELECT query, total_exec_time, calls,\n       total_exec_time \/ NULLIF(calls,0) AS avg_ms\nFROM pg_stat_statements\nORDER BY total_exec_time DESC LIMIT 10;\n<\/pre>\n<p><code>pg_stat_statements<\/code> \u662f PostgreSQL \u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u7edf\u8ba1\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u9700\u5148\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u5f00\u542f <code>shared_preload_libraries = 'pg_stat_statements'<\/code> \u5e76\u91cd\u542f\u624d\u80fd\u751f\u6548\u3002\u5b83\u6309\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u8bed\u53e5\u7c92\u5ea6\u7d2f\u8ba1\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u8c03\u7528\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u662f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u70ed\u70b9\u67e5\u8be2\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e8c\u3001\u7ed9\u6162\u67e5\u8be2&#8221;\u505a\u624b\u672f&#8221;\uff1a\u7d22\u5f15\u4e0e\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212<\/h2>\n<p>\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u6162\u8bed\u53e5\u540e\uff0c\u5148\u522b\u6025\u7740\u52a0\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u7528 <code>EXPLAIN ANALYZE<\/code> \u67e5\u770b\u5b9e\u9645\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u74f6\u9888\u5230\u5e95\u5728\u987a\u5e8f\u626b\u63cf\uff08Seq Scan\uff09\u3001\u8fc7\u6ee4\u884c\u6570\u8fc7\u5927\u8fd8\u662f\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u771f\u5b9e\u6267\u884c\u8bed\u53e5\u5e76\u7ed9\u51fa\u6bcf\u6b65\u8017\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"bash\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"false\">EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT * FROM orders\nWHERE customer_id = 12345 ORDER BY created_at DESC;\n<\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/postgresql-practical-server-database-query.webp\" alt=\"\u591a\u6761 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u8017\u65f6\u5bf9\u6bd4\u6761\u5f62\u56fe\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u6761\u660e\u663e\u8d85\u51fa\u9608\u503c\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8ba1\u5212\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u7684 Seq Scan\uff08\u987a\u5e8f\u626b\u63cf\uff0c\u5373\u5168\u8868\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\uff09\uff0c\u800c WHERE \u6761\u4ef6\u53c8\u9891\u7e41\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u9488\u5bf9\u8be5\u5217\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 <code>customer_id<\/code> \u4e0e\u6392\u5e8f\u5b57\u6bb5\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u53ef\u5efa\u7acb\u590d\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\u6765\u540c\u65f6\u52a0\u901f\u8fc7\u6ee4\u4e0e\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"bash\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"false\">CREATE INDEX idx_orders_customer_created\nON orders (customer_id, created_at DESC);\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u5efa\u7acb\u7d22\u5f15\u540e\u91cd\u65b0\u8fd0\u884c <code>EXPLAIN ANALYZE<\/code>\uff0c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u6267\u884c\u8017\u65f6\u4e0e\u626b\u63cf\u884c\u6570\u662f\u5426\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u5e76\u975e\u8d8a\u591a\u8d8a\u597d\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\u90fd\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u5199\u5165\u4e0e\u7ef4\u62a4\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5efa\u8bae\u53ea\u7ed9\u9ad8\u9891 WHERE\/JOIN\/ORDER BY \u5b57\u6bb5\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e3a\u4f4e\u9891\u5b57\u6bb5\u5806\u780c\u5197\u4f59\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u6392\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u74f6\u9888\uff0c\u53ef\u53c2\u8003\u7ad9\u5185 <a href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/guides\/mysql-slow-query-analysis\/\">MySQL \u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u5206\u6790<\/a> \u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u601d\u8def\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e09\u3001\u8c03\u6574\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53c2\u6570\uff1a\u4ece\u8d44\u6e90\u89c6\u89d2\u770b\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n<p>\u5f53 SQL \u4e0e\u7d22\u5f15\u4f18\u5316\u5230\u4f4d\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u80fd\u4ecd\u662f\u74f6\u9888\u3002PostgreSQL \u7684 <code>shared_buffers<\/code>\uff08\u5171\u4eab\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7f13\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u9875\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff09\u4e0e <code>effective_cache_size<\/code> \u662f\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u975e\u8d8a\u5927\u8d8a\u597d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7ed3\u5408\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5185\u5b58\uff08\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\u4ee5 GB \u8ba1\uff09\u6765\u8bbe\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"bash\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"false\"> # \u4ee5 8GB \u5185\u5b58\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff08\u793a\u4f8b\uff09\nshared_buffers = 2GB\neffective_cache_size = 6GB\nwork_mem = 64MB\nmaintenance_work_mem = 256MB\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u53ea\u662f\u5178\u578b\u8d77\u70b9\uff08\u793a\u4f8b\uff09\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7ed3\u5408\u4f60\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u53ef\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 <code>work_mem<\/code>\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u4e0e\u54c8\u5e0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5355\u6b21\u5185\u5b58\u4e0a\u9650\uff09\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u5f97\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u5728\u5e76\u53d1\u6392\u5e8f\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u591a\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u53e0\u52a0\u800c\u6324\u7206\u5185\u5b58\uff1b\u8bbe\u5f97\u8fc7\u5c0f\u53c8\u4f1a\u8ba9\u6392\u5e8f\u843d\u5230\u78c1\u76d8\u53d8\u6162\u3002\u7a33\u59a5\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u9010\u6b65\u8c03\u6574\u5e76\u89c2\u5bdf\u5185\u5b58\u4f59\u91cf\u4e0e\u54cd\u5e94\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6539\u5b8c\u53c2\u6570\u540e\uff0c\u7528 <code>pg_ctl reload<\/code> \u6216 <code>SELECT pg_reload_conf();<\/code> \u91cd\u8f7d\u591a\u6570\u53c2\u6570\uff1b\u5c11\u6570\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u542f\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u8981\u5728\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u786e\u8ba4\u3002<code>max_connections<\/code>\uff08\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6700\u5927\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\uff09\u4e5f\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0e\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u7b56\u7565\u5f3a\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u89c1\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u56db\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\uff1a\u7ba1\u4f4f\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5<\/h2>\n<p>\u5f88\u591a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53d8\u6162\u5e76\u975e\u6765\u81ea\u67e5\u8be2\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u88ab\u8017\u5c3d\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u5b9e\u4f8b\u90fd\u5efa\u7acb\u5927\u91cf\u6301\u4e45\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5806\u5230 <code>max_connections<\/code> \u4e0a\u9650\u540e\uff0c\u65b0\u8bf7\u6c42\u5c31\u4f1a\u6392\u961f\u751a\u81f3\u62a5\u9519\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\u662f\u5f15\u5165\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\uff0c\u628a\u5e94\u7528\u4fa7\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u8fde\u63a5\u590d\u7528\u5230\u540e\u7aef\u5c11\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/postgresql-practical-server-database-pool.webp\" alt=\"\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\u901a\u8fc7\u5171\u4eab\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u793a\u610f\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL \u751f\u6001\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u7ec4\u4ef6\u662f PgBouncer\uff08\u4e00\u6b3e\u8f7b\u91cf\u7684 PostgreSQL \u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u4ee3\u7406\uff09,\u5b83\u652f\u6301\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ea7\u590d\u7528\uff0c\u9002\u5408 Web \u8bbf\u95ee\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5b89\u88c5\u540e\u6309\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u914d\u7f6e\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u72ec\u7acb\u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"bash\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"false\"> # \/etc\/pgbouncer\/pgbouncer.ini \u6700\u5c0f\u914d\u7f6e\n[databases]\nmydb = host=127.0.0.1 port=5432\n[pgbouncer]\nlisten_addr = 127.0.0.1\nlisten_port = 6432\npool_mode = transaction\nmax_client_conn = 500\ndefault_pool_size = 20\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc <code>default_pool_size<\/code> \u8bbe\u4e3a 20\uff08\u793a\u4f8b\uff09\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6700\u591a\u590d\u7528 20 \u6761\u540e\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u800c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u53ef\u8fbe 500\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd&#8221;\u5c11\u540e\u7aef\u3001\u591a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef&#8221;\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u518d\u600e\u4e48\u6a2a\u5411\u6269\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u628a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u8f7b\u6613\u6253\u6ee1\u3002<code>pool_mode = transaction<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u6309\u4e8b\u52a1\u7c92\u5ea6\u590d\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u77ed\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63a5\u5165\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u540e\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u4e32\u4ece 5432 \u6539\u5230 6432 \u5373\u53ef\u3002\u9700\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c<code>max_connections<\/code> \u4e0e\u6c60\u5927\u5c0f\u8981\u5339\u914d\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4fa7\u4ecd\u8981\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u4f59\u91cf\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6c60\u5185\u8fde\u63a5\u5168\u90e8\u5360\u7528\u65f6\u8fd8\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u7a0b\u62a2\u4e0d\u5230\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u7ed9\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6216\u7ba1\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u5355\u72ec\u7559\u51fa\u51e0\u6761\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 <code>superuser_reserved_connections<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u4e1a\u52a1\u628a\u8fde\u63a5\u5360\u6ee1\u540e\u8fde\u7ef4\u62a4\u90fd\u8fdb\u4e0d\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u7684\u63a5\u5165\u987a\u5e8f\u4e5f\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u6700\u597d\u662f\u5148\u8ba9\u5e94\u7528\u4fa7\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u3001\u786e\u8ba4\u6ca1\u6709\u62a5\u9519\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u628a\u8fde\u63a5\u4e32\u6574\u4f53\u5207\u6362\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u4e1a\u52a1\u9ad8\u5cf0\u671f\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5207\u6362\u3002\u5207\u6362\u540e\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6392\u961f\u6570\u4e0e\u9519\u8bef\u7387\uff0c\u82e5\u51fa\u73b0\u8fde\u63a5\u7b49\u5f85\u8d85\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e <code>default_pool_size<\/code> \u504f\u5c0f\u6216\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u4ecd\u5360\u7528\u4e86\u6c60\u5185\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u56de\u5230\u524d\u51e0\u8282\u628a\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u5148\u5904\u7406\u6389\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u662f&#8221;\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u91cf&#8221;\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a9\u76d6&#8221;\u5355\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u6162&#8221;\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u8981\u914d\u5957\u6cbb\u7406\u3002\u82e5\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u9650\u6d41\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u53c2\u8003\u7ad9\u5185 <a href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/guides\/nginx-limit-req-rate-limiting\/\">Nginx \u9650\u6d41\u914d\u7f6e<\/a>\uff0c\u4ece\u5165\u53e3\u628a\u7a81\u53d1\u6d41\u91cf\u5148\u6321\u4f4f\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e94\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8c03\u4f18\u6548\u679c<\/h2>\n<p>\u8c03\u4f18\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u9760\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u8981\u56de\u5230\u6570\u636e\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e09\u4e2a\u53ef\u91cf\u5316\u6307\u6807\uff1a\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u67e5\u8be2\u8017\u65f6\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u5360\u7528\u7387\u3002\u5728\u8c03\u4f18\u524d\u540e\u5404\u6293\u4e00\u6b21\u57fa\u7ebf\uff0c\u518d\u5bf9\u6bd4\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"bash\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"false\"> # \u6bcf\u79d2\u67e5\u8be2\/\u4e8b\u52a1\u6570\uff08TPS\/QPS\uff09\u5feb\u901f\u89c2\u6d4b\npgbench -c 10 -j 2 -T 15 mydb\n # \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u6d3b\u8dc3\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\nSELECT count(*) FROM pg_stat_activity;\n<\/pre>\n<p><code>pgbench<\/code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u538b\u6d4b\u6765\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8c03\u4f18\u524d\u540e\u7684\u541e\u5410\uff0c\u4f46\u6ce8\u610f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u4f4e\u5cf0\u65f6\u6bb5\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5f71\u54cd\u771f\u5b9e\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u4e0e\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u5219\u5e94\u7ed3\u5408\u5e94\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e00\u8d77\u770b\uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ed3\u5408\u670d\u52a1\u8fd0\u884c\u6001\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\uff0c\u53ef\u7528 <a href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/guides\/grafana-server-deployment-practical\/\">Grafana \u90e8\u7f72\u5b9e\u8df5<\/a> \u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6307\u6807\u505a\u6210\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u770b\u677f\uff0c\u8ba9\u6301\u7eed\u8d8b\u52bf\u4e00\u76ee\u4e86\u7136\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u516d\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\u5efa\u8bae<\/h2>\n<p>\u8c03\u4f18\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6709\u51e0\u5904\u5bb9\u6613\u8e29\u5751\u3002\u4e00\u662f\u5148\u5907\u4efd\uff1a\u4fee\u6539 <code>postgresql.conf<\/code> \u4e0e\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\u524d\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u4f4e\u5cf0\u7a97\u53e3\u64cd\u4f5c\u5e76\u4fdd\u7559\u53ef\u56de\u6eda\u7684\u53d8\u66f4\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u5148\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5e93\u6216\u4e00\u53f0\u9884\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u9a8c\u8bc1\u53c2\u6570\u4e0e\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u518d\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u751f\u4ea7\u3002\u4e8c\u662f\u7d22\u5f15\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f2\u76ee\u53e0\u52a0\uff0c\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u662f\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f1a\u5360\u7528 I\/O\uff08\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u78c1\u76d8\u8bfb\u5199\u541e\u5410\uff09\u4e0e\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1b\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b0\u589e\u7d22\u5f15\u90fd\u8981\u8bc4\u4f30\u5b83\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5199\u5165\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u4e09\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u5f15\u5165\u521d\u671f\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u65e2\u6709\u5de5\u5177\u94fe\uff08\u5982 psql \u76f4\u8fde\u3001\u5907\u4efd\u811a\u672c\uff09\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8981\u540c\u6b65\u66f4\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8d70\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u76f4\u8fde\u9020\u6210\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7ebf\u524d\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u628a\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u7d22\u5f15 DDL\uff08\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b9a\u4e49\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\uff09\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u4e32\u6574\u7406\u6210\u6587\u6863\u5b58\u6863\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u65e5\u540e\u56de\u6eda\u6216\u6392\u67e5\u3002\u8c03\u4f18\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6301\u7eed\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u4e1a\u52a1\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u518d\u6b21\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u628a&#8221;\u57fa\u7ebf+\u53d8\u66f4+\u9a8c\u8bc1&#8221;\u8bb0\u5f55\u6210\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u6bd4\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u6539\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u66f4\u5b9e\u9645\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ed9\u4f60\u4e09\u6761\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u7167\u505a\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u884c\u52a8\u5efa\u8bae\uff08\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u503c\u622a\u81f3 2026 \u5e74 8 \u6708\uff09\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u4e00\uff1a\u672c\u5468\u5148\u5f00\u542f <code>pg_stat_statements<\/code> \u5e76\u6293\u53d6 Top \u6162\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u57fa\u7ebf\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u4e8c\uff1a\u5bf9 Top \u67e5\u8be2\u7528 <code>EXPLAIN ANALYZE<\/code> \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u9010\u4e2a\u843d\u5730\u5e76\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u4e09\uff1a\u82e5\u7ecf\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u8fde\u63a5\u8017\u5c3d\uff0c\u90e8\u7f72 PgBouncer \u5e76\u8c03\u6574 <code>max_connections<\/code> \u4e0e\u6c60\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u82e5\u4f60\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u5907\u4e2d\u6587\u652f\u6301\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u6258\u7ba1\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5173\u6ce8\u50cf Hostease \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u4e3b\u673a\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u628a\u90e8\u7f72\u4e0e\u8fd0\u7ef4\u96c6\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4ece\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u4e0e\u53c2\u6570\u8c03\u6574\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u63a5\u5165\u4e09\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u6559\u4f60\u7ed9 PostgreSQL \u505a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u8c03\u4f18\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u67e5\u8be2\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5e76\u63d0\u5347\u5e76\u53d1\u4e0b\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":32896,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3822],"tags":[4403,4402,4978,4979,4509],"class_list":["post-32899","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guides","tag-pgbouncer","tag-postgresql","tag-4978","tag-4979","tag-4509"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/postgresql-practical-server-database-cover.webp","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32899","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32899"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32899\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32905,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32899\/revisions\/32905"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32896"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32899"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32899"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32899"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}