{"id":32879,"date":"2026-08-27T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-27T02:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/?p=32879"},"modified":"2026-08-31T14:15:04","modified_gmt":"2026-08-31T06:15:04","slug":"linux-swap-server-practical","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/guides\/linux-swap-server-practical\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux swap \u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a\u8c03\u4f18\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5185\u5b58\u538b\u529b\u7ba1\u7406\u5b9e\u6218"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5f53\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u63a5\u8fd1\u8017\u5c3d\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5185\u6838\u76f4\u63a5\u6740\u6389\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u7f51\u7ad9\u7a81\u7136\u8d85\u65f6\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u3002Linux swap\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u515c\u5e95\u624b\u6bb5\uff1a\u5b83\u628a\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f53\u4f5c\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6ea2\u51fa\u533a\uff0c\u8ba9\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\u65f6\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u5598\u8fc7\u6c14\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6307\u5357\u6559\u4f60\u5982\u4f55\u6309\u5b9e\u9645\u8d1f\u8f7d\u89c4\u5212 swap \u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u8c03\u6574 swappiness\uff08\u5185\u6838\u6362\u51fa\u7684\u503e\u5411\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff09\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u76d1\u63a7\u4ea4\u6362\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u538b\u529b\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u5b89\u5168\u56de\u6536 swap \u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

swap \u7684\u8c03\u4f18\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u201c\u6027\u80fd\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5b58\u6d3b\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u505a\u6743\u8861\uff1a\u7528\u78c1\u76d8\u6362\u5185\u5b58\u4f1a\u8ba9\u901f\u5ea6\u53d8\u6162\uff0c\u4f46\u603b\u6bd4 OOM\uff08Out Of Memory\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u8017\u5c3d\uff09\u65f6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76f4\u63a5\u88ab\u6740\u6b7b\u8981\u597d\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u539f\u7406\u8bb2\u8d77\uff0c\u518d\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u7ed9\u51fa\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\"Linux<\/p>\n

\u7406\u89e3 swap \u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0e\u4ee3\u4ef7<\/h2>\n

swap \u662f\u5185\u6838\u628a\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u6682\u65f6\u4e0d\u7528\u7684\u9875\u9762\uff08page\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5355\u4f4d\uff09\u5199\u5230\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\u65f6\uff0c\u5185\u6838\u901a\u8fc7\u9875\u4ea4\u6362\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51b7\u9875\u9762\u632a\u5230\u4ea4\u6362\u533a\uff0c\u817e\u51fa\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u7ed9\u6b63\u5728\u70ed\u7528\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6216\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u7684 Web \u670d\u52a1\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cswap \u7684\u771f\u6b63\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u8ba9\u5b83\u8fd0\u884c\u5f97\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e8e\u907f\u514d\u77ac\u95f4\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5c16\u5cf0\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u670d\u52a1\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u8fc7 swap \u6709\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u968f\u673a\u8bfb\u5199\u5ef6\u8fdf\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u2014\u2014\u56fa\u6001\u786c\u76d8\u7684\u968f\u673a\u8bfb\u5ef6\u8fdf\u901a\u5e38\u5728 0.1 \u6beb\u79d2\u5de6\u53f3\uff08\u5178\u578b\u533a\u95f4\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5185\u5b58\u53ea\u6709\u7eb3\u79d2\u7ea7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9891\u7e41\u89e6\u53d1 swap \u6362\u51fa\u6362\u5165\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b49\u5f85\u78c1\u76d8 I\/O \u800c\u660e\u663e\u53d8\u6162\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728 MySQL\u3001Redis \u8fd9\u7c7b\u5bf9\u5ef6\u8fdf\u654f\u611f\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e0a\u5c24\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\uff1a\u5f53 Redis \u4f7f\u7528 swap \u65f6\uff0c\u5355\u4e2a\u952e\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u5ef6\u8fdf\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u5fae\u79d2\u7ea7\u522b\u8df3\u5230\u6beb\u79d2\u7ea7\u522b\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u7ebf\u4e0a\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\n # \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5426\u542f\u7528\u4e86 swap \u4ee5\u53ca\u4ea4\u6362\u91cf\n free -h\n swapon --show\n<\/pre>\n
\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u524d\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a\u3001\u4ea4\u6362\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u3002\u5982\u679c swapon --show<\/code> \u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u76ee\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u542f\u7528 swap\u3002\u8981\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u5b83\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u89c2\u5bdf\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5360\u7528\u7387\uff0c\u518d\u7ed3\u5408\u5b9e\u9645\u6d41\u91cf\u6765\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e0a\u6765\u5c31\u76f2\u76ee\u6dfb\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u914d\u7f6e swap<\/h2>\n
\u662f\u5426\u914d\u7f6e swap\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4f60\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u53ef\u7528\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u5bf9\u5927\u591a\u6570\u751f\u4ea7\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u601d\u8def\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff1a\u5148\u770b\u5185\u5b58\u6c34\u4f4d\uff0c\u518d\u770b\u5e94\u7528\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u51b3\u5b9a swap \u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3b\u8981\u8dd1\u7684\u662f Nginx\u3001PHP-FPM \u8fd9\u7c7b Web \u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u4f1a\u968f\u5e76\u53d1\u4e0a\u6da8\u800c\u6ce2\u52a8\uff0c\u914d\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9002\u5ea6\u7684 swap \u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f13\u51b2\u662f\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8dd1\u7684\u662f MySQL \u7b49\u5e38\u9a7b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u5efa\u8bae\u4f18\u5148\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u628a swap \u5f53\u4f5c\u6700\u540e\u7684\u4fdd\u9669\u4e1d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5e38\u89c4\u8fd0\u884c\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003 \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u63a7\u642d\u5efa\u5b9e\u8df5<\/a> \u4e00\u6587\uff0c\u5148\u5efa\u7acb\u5185\u5b58\u4e0e\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7684\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\uff0c\u518d\u5224\u65ad swap \u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u74f6\u9888\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981 swap \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n # \u67e5\u770b\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u627e\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u6237\n ps aux --sort=-%mem | head -20\n # \u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5b58\u538b\u529b\u76f8\u5173\u7edf\u8ba1\u662f\u5426\u6709\u56de\u6536\u6d3b\u52a8\n cat \/proc\/pressure\/memory\n<\/pre>\n
\/proc\/pressure\/memory<\/code> \u91cc\u7684 some<\/code> \u5217\u4ee3\u8868\u6709\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u7d2f\u8ba1\u65f6\u95f4\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff08\u793a\u4f8b\u503c 0.05 \u8868\u793a\u7ea6 5% \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6709\u5185\u5b58\u7b49\u5f85\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u6301\u7eed\u504f\u9ad8\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u63a5\u8fd1\u5360\u6ee1\uff0c\u5c31\u503c\u5f97\u914d\u7f6e swap \u6765\u7f13\u51b2\u538b\u529b\u5c16\u5cf0\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u89c4\u5212 swap \u5927\u5c0f\u4e0e\u7c7b\u578b<\/h2>\n
swap \u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u6ca1\u6709\u653e\u4e4b\u56db\u6d77\u7686\u51c6\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ed9\u51fa\u57fa\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u5bb9\u91cf\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u503c\u5e94\u7ed3\u5408\u4f60\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u5bf9 2GB \u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u7684 [VPS](https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/vps\/)\uff08Virtual Private Server\uff0c[\u865a\u62df\u4e13\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668](https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/vps\/)\uff09\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae swap \u8bbe\u4e3a 1GB \u5230 2GB\uff08\u793a\u4f8b\uff09\uff1b\u5bf9 8GB \u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0cswap \u5728 2GB \u5230 4GB \u5f80\u5f80\u5c31\u591f\u7528\uff08\u5178\u578b\u533a\u95f4\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u5185\u5b58\u673a\u5668\u66f4\u4f9d\u8d56 swap \u7684\u4fdd\u9669\u4e1d\u89d2\u8272\u800c\u975e\u5bb9\u91cf\u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u6f84\u6e05\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u8bef\u533a\uff1aswap \u4e0d\u662f\u8d8a\u5927\u8d8a\u597d\u3002\u8fc7\u5927\u7684 swap \u4f1a\u8ba9\u5185\u6838\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u628a\u66f4\u591a\u9875\u9762\u6362\u51fa\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u62d6\u6162\u6027\u80fd\uff1b\u8fc7\u5c0f\u7684 swap \u5219\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u5c16\u5cf0\u65f6\u8d77\u5230\u7f13\u51b2\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u51b3\u5b9a\u201c\u6070\u597d\u201d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u8981\u770b swap \u5b9e\u9645\u6362\u51fa\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u2014\u2014\u5982\u679c\u5e38\u5e74\u53ea\u7528\u5230\u51e0\u767e MB\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u914d\u591a\u4e86\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u65e6\u89e6\u53d1\u5c31\u9a6c\u4e0a\u8017\u5c3d\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u914d\u5c11\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
swap \u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u5f62\u6001\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u5206\u533a\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\uff08swapfile\uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u7684 zram\uff08\u628a\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u9875\u9762\u653e\u8fdb\u5185\u5b58\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u8ffd\u6c42\u6781\u81f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684 Redis\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8d1f\u8f7d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u4e00\u90e8\u5206 zram \u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f13\u51b2\uff1b\u5bf9\u9700\u8981\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u515c\u5e95\u7684\u666e\u901a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684 swapfile \u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u6839\u5206\u533a\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa swapfile \u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n # \u4ee5 2GB \u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u53ef\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u7a00\u758f\u6587\u4ef6\n sudo fallocate -l 2G \/swapfile\n sudo chmod 600 \/swapfile\n sudo mkswap \/swapfile\n sudo swapon \/swapfile\n<\/pre>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u540e\u8981\u5199\u5165 \/etc\/fstab<\/code> \u8ba9\u5b83\u5728\u91cd\u542f\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u91cd\u542f\u5c31\u5931\u6548\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7ba1\u7406\u591a\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u628a swap \u7684\u5206\u914d\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u7edf\u4e00\u914d\u7f6e\u6e05\u5355\u91cc\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u540c\u673a\u5668\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6392\u67e5\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7528 swappiness \u63a7\u5236\u6362\u51fa\u503e\u5411<\/h2>\n
swappiness \u662f\u5185\u6838\u51b3\u5b9a\u201c\u591a\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u6362\u51fa\u533f\u540d\u5185\u5b58\u9875\u201d\u7684\u7cfb\u6570\uff0c\u53d6\u503c\u4ece 0 \u5230 100\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u901a\u5e38\u662f 60\u3002\u6570\u503c\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u5185\u6838\u8d8a\u613f\u610f\u628a\u5185\u5b58\u9875\u9762\u632a\u5230 swap\uff1b\u6570\u503c\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff0c\u8d8a\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4f18\u5148\u590d\u7528\u7f13\u5b58\u5e76\u5c3d\u91cf\u4fdd\u7559\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5ef6\u8fdf\u654f\u611f\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u628a swappiness \u8c03\u4f4e\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 10\uff09\uff0c\u8ba9\u5185\u6838\u5c3d\u91cf\u5c11\u7528 swap\u3001\u4f18\u5148\u6324\u538b\u6587\u4ef6\u7f13\u5b58\u3002\u5bf9\u5185\u5b58\u7ecf\u5e38\u544a\u8b66\u3001\u5bb9\u6613 OOM \u7684 Web \u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301\u4e2d\u7b49\u504f\u4f4e\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u6216\u7565\u4f5c\u4e0a\u8c03\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u88ab\u6740\u6b7b\u3002\u8c03\u6574\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5b9e\u65f6\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5199\u5165 sysctl \u914d\u7f6e\u4ee5\u4fbf\u91cd\u542f\u540e\u4fdd\u7559\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n # \u5b9e\u65f6\u8c03\u6574\uff08\u793a\u4f8b\u503c 10\uff09\n sudo sysctl vm.swappiness=10\n # \u6301\u4e45\u5316\u5230\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\n echo \"vm.swappiness=10\" | sudo tee -a \/etc\/sysctl.d\/99-swap.conf\n sudo sysctl --system\n<\/pre>\n
\u8c03\u5b8c swappiness \u540e\u5efa\u8bae\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e00\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e1a\u52a1\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u770b\u4e24\u70b9\uff1a\u5185\u5b58\u538b\u529b\u662f\u5426\u7f13\u89e3\u3001\u5173\u952e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u4e3a\u6362\u51fa\u800c\u53d8\u5dee\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8c03\u4f4e\u540e OOM \u53cd\u800c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5c31\u9002\u5f53\u56de\u8c03\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u6ca1\u6709\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u503c\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u9002\u5408\u4f60\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7684\u533a\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1 Web \u5c42\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a Nginx \u4e0e PHP-FPM \u7684\u5185\u5b58\u63a7\u5236\u7ed3\u5408 Nginx \u9650\u6d41\u4e0e\u901f\u7387\u9650\u5236\u914d\u7f6e<\/a> \u4e00\u8d77\u770b\uff0c\u5148\u6291\u5236\u6d41\u91cf\u5c16\u5cf0\uff0c\u518d\u8c03\u6574\u5185\u5b58\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6548\u679c\u5f80\u5f80\u597d\u4e8e\u53ea\u8c03 swap\u3002<\/p>\n
\"swappiness<\/p>\n
\u76d1\u63a7 swap \u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u538b\u529b<\/h2>\n
swap \u8c03\u4f18\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u95ed\u73af\u5fc5\u987b\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u76d1\u63a7\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u4ec5\u7528 free -h<\/code> \u770b\u4e00\u773c\u5269\u4f59\u503c\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4e0d\u591f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a swap \u7684\u201c\u603b\u91cf\u53d8\u5316\u201d\u4f1a\u63a9\u76d6\u201c\u6362\u51fa\u9891\u7387\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u5173\u952e\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u9ad8\u6362\u51fa\u9891\u7387\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u505a\u5927\u91cf\u65e0\u6548\u642c\u79fb\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f swap \u603b\u91cf\u6ca1\u6ee1\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u5065\u5eb7\u3002<\/p>\n
\u63a8\u8350\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u6307\u6807\u5305\u62ec\uff1aswap \u5df2\u7528\u4e0e\u53ef\u7528\u3001swap in\/out \u7684\u9875\u4ea4\u6362\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca \/proc\/pressure\/memory<\/code> \u7684\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 vmstat<\/code> \u5feb\u901f\u91c7\u6837\u6362\u9875\u901f\u7387\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n # \u6bcf\u79d2\u91c7\u6837\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed 10 \u6b21\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u770b si\uff08swap in\uff09\u548c so\uff08swap out\uff09\n vmstat 1 10\n<\/pre>\n
\u5982\u679c si<\/code>\uff08\u4ece swap \u8bfb\u56de\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u9875\u6570\uff09\u548c so<\/code>\uff08\u5199\u5165 swap \u7684\u9875\u6570\uff09\u8fd9\u4e24\u5217\u6301\u7eed\u51fa\u73b0\u975e\u96f6\u503c\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6b63\u5728\u9891\u7e41\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6392\u67e5\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f swappiness \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fc7\u9ad8\u3002\u628a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6307\u6807\u7eb3\u5165\u5e38\u9a7b\u76d1\u63a7\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u65e9\u53d1\u73b0\u5bb9\u91cf\u89c4\u5212\u7684\u7f3a\u53e3\u3002\u914d\u5408 Grafana \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd0\u7ef4\u76d1\u63a7\u90e8\u7f72\u5b9e\u6218<\/a> \u5efa\u7acb\u5185\u5b58\u4e0e\u6362\u9875\u7684\u770b\u677f\uff0c\u80fd\u8ba9 swap \u7684\u8d70\u52bf\u4e00\u76ee\u4e86\u7136\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5185\u5b58\u56de\u6536\u4e0e swap \u7a7a\u95f4\u6574\u7406<\/h2>\n
\u5f53\u5185\u5b58\u538b\u529b\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53bb\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u7a33\u65f6\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u6ede\u7559\u7684 swap \u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5f52\u8fd8\uff0c\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4ea4\u6362\u533a\u4fdd\u6301\u9ad8\u5360\u7528\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u65e2\u6d6a\u8d39\u53ef\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4e0b\u6b21\u5c16\u5cf0\u65f6\u89e6\u53d1\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6362\u9875\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3b\u52a8\u56de\u6536 swap\uff1a\u5148\u628a swap \u5185\u5bb9\u642c\u56de\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u518d\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\n # \u786e\u8ba4\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7a7a\u95f2\u5185\u5b58\u540e\uff0c\u5173\u95ed swap \u518d\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u542f\n sudo swapoff \/swapfile\n sudo swapon \/swapfile\n<\/pre>\n
\u6267\u884c swapoff<\/code> \u4f1a\u628a swap \u91cc\u7684\u9875\u9762\u5168\u90e8\u8bfb\u56de\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u52a1\u5fc5\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4f59\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u628a\u538b\u529b\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u751a\u81f3\u5bfc\u81f4 OOM\u3002\u56de\u6536\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c free -h<\/code> \u786e\u8ba4 swap \u5df2\u6e05\u96f6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u957f\u671f\u9ad8\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u9891\u7e41\u505a\u8fd9\u79cd\u56de\u6536\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u6b21\u77ed\u6682\u7684 I\/O \u6296\u52a8\uff1b\u66f4\u7a33\u59a5\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u628a\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u56de\u6536\u5199\u6210\u5b9a\u65f6\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u771f\u6b63\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u624b\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7c7b\u7684\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u76d1\u63a7\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408 MySQL \u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316\u5b9e\u8df5<\/a> \u4e00\u8d77\u6392\u67e5\uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u5185\u5b58\u8fd8\u662f\u67e5\u8be2\u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5e38\u89c1\u8bef\u533a\u4e0e\u6392\u969c\u7ecf\u9a8c<\/h2>\n
swap \u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6392\u969c\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u662f\u628a\u75c7\u72b6\u548c\u6839\u56e0\u641e\u6df7\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5b58\u7d27\u5f20\u65f6\uff0c\u65e5\u5fd7\u91cc\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u88ab OOM \u6740\u6b7b\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u7b2c\u4e00\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u52a0\u5927 swap\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6839\u56e0\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u5b58\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u89c4\u5212\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u52a0\u5927 swap \u53ea\u4f1a\u5ef6\u7f13\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u89e3\u51b3\u6839\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
\n # \u67e5\u770b\u5185\u6838\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684 OOM \u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u8c01\u5728\u6d88\u8017\u5185\u5b58\n dmesg | grep -i \"oom\" | tail -20\n # \u7ed3\u5408\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5185\u5b58\u589e\u957f\u6700\u5feb\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\n ps aux --sort=-%mem | head -10\n<\/pre>\n
\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u8bef\u533a\u662f\uff1a\u53ea\u8981\u52a0\u4e86 swap \u5c31\u9ad8\u6795\u65e0\u5fe7\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5e94\u7528\u5bf9\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6781\u5ea6\u654f\u611f\uff0cswap \u7684\u5f15\u5165\u53cd\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u6ce2\u52a8\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bef\u533a\u662f\u5728 32 \u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u8001\u5185\u6838\u4e0a\u76f2\u76ee\u8ffd\u6c42\u5927 swap\uff0c\u53d7\u5bfb\u5740\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u90e8\u7f72\u5f80\u5f80\u8fbe\u4e0d\u5230\u9884\u671f\u6548\u679c\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u95ee\u9898\u65b9\u5411\u65f6\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5148\u6392\u9664\u914d\u7f6e\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Redis \u8fd9\u7c7b\u5185\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u5426\u56e0\u4e3a\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u6216\u6dd8\u6c70\u7b56\u7565\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u5f53\u800c\u5360\u6ee1\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u53ef\u53c2\u8003 Redis \u6570\u636e\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u4e0e\u6062\u590d\u673a\u5236\u5168\u9762\u89e3\u6790<\/a> \u6392\u67e5\u5185\u5b58\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u6dd8\u6c70\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n
\"\u5185\u5b58\u5728\u538b\u529b\u8fc7\u540e\u56de\u6536\u5e76\u6574\u7406\u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u793a\u610f\"<\/p>\n
\u6700\u540e\u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u4e0b\u53ef\u843d\u5730\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u987a\u5e8f\uff1a\u5148\u7528 free -h<\/code> \u548c \/proc\/pressure\/memory<\/code> \u786e\u8ba4\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u538b\u529b\uff1b\u518d\u6309\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7c7b\u578b\u89c4\u5212 swap \u5927\u5c0f\u5e76\u521b\u5efa\uff1b\u63a5\u7740\u7528 sysctl \u8c03\u6574 swappiness \u5e76\u6301\u4e45\u5316\uff1b\u968f\u540e\u901a\u8fc7 vmstat<\/code> \u4e0e\u76d1\u63a7\u770b\u677f\u6301\u7eed\u89c2\u5bdf\u6362\u9875\u901f\u7387\uff1b\u6700\u540e\u5728\u538b\u529b\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u6309\u9700\u56de\u6536\u3002\u5bf9\u5185\u5b58\u7ecf\u5e38\u544a\u8b66\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\uff0c\u628a\u76d1\u63a7\u505a\u624e\u5b9e\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u53cd\u590d\u8c03\u53c2\u66f4\u80fd\u63d0\u524d\u53d1\u73b0\u5bb9\u91cf\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f60\u73b0\u5728\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u5f00\u7ec8\u7aef\uff0c\u7528 free -h<\/code> \u548c vmstat 1 5<\/code> \u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e00\u904d\u8fd9\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u6362\u9875\u6d3b\u52a8\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u89c4\u683c\u6709\u9650\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u7ecf\u5e38\u5403\u7d27\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408 Hostease \u7684 VPS \u4e3b\u673a\u65b9\u6848<\/a> \u8bc4\u4f30\u66f4\u5145\u88d5\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u628a swap \u5f53\u4f5c\u957f\u671f\u8fd0\u884c\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u628a\u8fd9\u5957\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u4ece\u8c03\u6574 swappiness \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u518d\u9010\u6b65\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u8bb2\u89e3 Linux swap \u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5185\u5b58\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0e\u8c03\u4f18\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a\u5927\u5c0f\u89c4\u5212\u3001swappiness \u8c03\u6574\u3001\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u56de\u6536\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\u65f6\u7ef4\u6301\u670d\u52a1\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":32876,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3822],"tags":[4964,4967,4965,4966,565],"class_list":["post-32879","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guides","tag-linuxswap","tag-swappiness","tag-4965","tag-4966","tag-565"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/linux-swap-server-practical-cover.webp","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32879","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32879"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32879\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32880,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32879\/revisions\/32880"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32876"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32879"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32879"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32879"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}