{"id":32863,"date":"2026-08-27T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-27T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/?p=32863"},"modified":"2026-08-27T14:27:34","modified_gmt":"2026-08-27T06:27:34","slug":"firewalld-server-practical","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/guides\/firewalld-server-practical\/","title":{"rendered":"firewalld \u533a\u57df\u4e0e\u89c4\u5219\u7ba1\u7406\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9632\u706b\u5899\u914d\u7f6e\u5b9e\u6218"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"firewalld<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u7bc7\u5b9e\u6218\u6307\u5357\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u7406\u89e3 firewalld \u7684\u533a\u57df\uff08zone\uff09\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u653e\u884c\u7aef\u53e3\u3001\u7ed1\u5b9a\u7f51\u5361\u4e0e\u4fdd\u5b58\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd0\u884c\u5728 [VPS](https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/vps\/)\uff08Virtual Private Server\uff0c[\u865a\u62df\u4e13\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668](https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/vps\/)\uff09\u6216[\u72ec\u7acb\u670d\u52a1\u5668](https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/dedicated-server\/)\u4e0a\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u9632\u706b\u5899\u914d\u7f6e\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u670d\u52a1\u80fd\u5426\u88ab\u5916\u90e8\u6b63\u5e38\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u4e5f\u51b3\u5b9a\u6076\u610f\u626b\u63cf\u80fd\u5426\u76f4\u8fbe\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u7528\u6237\u521a\u62ff\u5230\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5c31\u662f\u62c5\u5fc3\u7aef\u53e3\u6ca1\u5f00\u5bfc\u81f4 SSH\uff08Secure Shell\uff0c\u5b89\u5168\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u8fde\u4e0d\u4e0a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u8bf4\u7aef\u53e3\u5f00\u5f97\u592a\u5bbd\u7ed9\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u7559\u4e86\u95e8\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7528 firewalld \u8fd9\u5957\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3b\u6d41\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u628a\u533a\u57df\u4e0e\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u843d\u5730\u6b65\u9aa4\u8bb2\u6e05\u695a\u3002<\/p>\n

firewalld \u548c\u65e7\u5f0f iptables \u6700\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u5f15\u5165\u4e86”\u533a\u57df\uff08zone\uff09”\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\u62bd\u8c61\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u533a\u57df\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u4e8b\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u597d\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u653e\u884c\u7b56\u7565\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u4f60\u628a\u67d0\u5f20\u7f51\u5361\u5f52\u5c5e\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u91cc\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u548c\u534f\u8bae\u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u8fd9\u5f20\u7f51\u5361\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6d41\u91cf\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u76f4\u63a5\u5f80 iptables \u91cc\u8ffd\u52a0\u4e00\u4e32\u94fe\u6761\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u7528\u533a\u57df\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7b56\u7565\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7ef4\u62a4\u3001\u4e5f\u66f4\u96be\u51fa\u9519\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u4ece\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u533a\u57df\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u5c55\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u533a\u57df\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u533a\u5982\u4f55\u751f\u6548<\/h2>\n

firewalld \u81ea\u5e26\u591a\u4e2a\u9884\u5b9a\u4e49\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u4ece\u6700\u4fdd\u5b88\u5230\u6700\u5f00\u653e\u4f9d\u6b21\u662f drop\u3001block\u3001public\u3001external\u3001dmz\u3001work\u3001home\u3001internal \u548c trusted\u3002\u5176\u4e2d public \u662f\u5927\u591a\u6570\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7ed1\u5b9a\u7684\u533a\u57df\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u573a\u666f\u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u9632\u62a4\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u53ef\u53c2\u8003 \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd0\u7ef4\u6307\u5357<\/a>\u3002public \u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u53ea\u653e\u884c\u4e0e\u5916\u754c\u4ea4\u4e92\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u5c11\u91cf\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u4e00\u5f8b\u62d2\u7edd\uff1btrusted \u5219\u51e0\u4e4e\u653e\u884c\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7ad9\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5185\u7f51\u4e13\u7528\u7f51\u5361\u3002\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u533a\u57df\u8d8a\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u8d8a\u5e94\u8be5\u53ea\u7528\u5728\u53ef\u4fe1\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u4e0a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u540c\u65f6\u6709\u516c\u7f51\u7f51\u5361\u548c\u5185\u7f51\u7f51\u5361\uff0c\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u5212\u5230 public \u548c trusted \u4e24\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5171\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bbd\u677e\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n

\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u5361\u6539\u7ed1\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u7528 –change-interface \u6307\u5b9a\u7f51\u5361\u540d\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u533a\u57df\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u628a\u5185\u7f51\u7f51\u5361 eth1 \u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230 trusted\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6765\u81ea\u5185\u7f51\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u8d70\u5bbd\u677e\u653e\u884c\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u516c\u7f51 eth0 \u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u4ecd\u53d7 public \u7ea6\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n

\"firewalld<\/p>\n

firewall-cmd --zone=trusted --change-interface=eth1\nfirewall-cmd --reload<\/pre>\n
\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u9ed8\u8ba4\u533a\u57df\u548c\u7f51\u5361\u5f52\u5c5e\uff0c\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u4e24\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n
firewall-cmd --get-default-zone\nfirewall-cmd --list-all<\/pre>\n
\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u8fd4\u56de\u9ed8\u8ba4\u533a\u57df\u540d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6761\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u9ed8\u8ba4\u533a\u57df\u5df2\u7ed1\u5b9a\u7684\u7f51\u5361\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u7aef\u53e3\u7b49\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u628a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u533a\u57df\u5207\u5230\u522b\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\u533a\u57df\u540e\u91cd\u8f7d\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n
firewall-cmd --set-default-zone=work\nfirewall-cmd --reload<\/pre>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u653e\u884c\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u5199\u6cd5<\/h2>\n
\u653e\u884c\u7aef\u53e3\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5751\u662f\u5fd8\u8bb0 –permanent\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u4ee5\u653e\u884c TCP 8080 \u4e3a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8080\/tcp --permanent\nfirewall-cmd --reload\nfirewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports<\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u91cc –permanent \u8868\u793a\u5199\u5165\u6301\u4e45\u914d\u7f6e\uff0creload \u8ba9\u6301\u4e45\u914d\u7f6e\u751f\u6548\u5230\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5e26 –permanent\uff0c\u7aef\u53e3\u53ea\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u91cd\u542f\u6216 firewalld \u91cd\u542f\u540e\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u5f88\u591a”\u7aef\u53e3\u660e\u660e\u52a0\u4e86\u5374\u8fde\u4e0d\u4e0a”\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u3002\u9664\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u5916\uff0cfirewalld \u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u6309\u670d\u52a1\u540d\u653e\u884c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 http\u3001https\u3001ssh\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3a –add-service\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u540d\u80cc\u540e\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u9884\u8bbe\u7aef\u53e3\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u8d77\u6765\u6bd4\u8bb0\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u66f4\u76f4\u89c2\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u4e0d\u53ea\u76d1\u542c\u5728 TCP\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u6309\u534f\u8bae\u533a\u5206\u5904\u7406\u3002\u6bd4\u5982 MySQL \u9ed8\u8ba4\u8d70 TCP 3306\uff0cDNS\uff08Domain Name System\uff0c\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u5219\u540c\u65f6\u6d89\u53ca TCP \u548c UDP \u7684 53 \u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0e\u6027\u80fd\u914d\u7f6e\u5f80\u5f80\u4e92\u76f8\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u540c\u65f6\u53c2\u8003 TTFB \u4e0e\u4e3b\u673a\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316<\/a>\u91cc\u5173\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u76d1\u542c\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u6392\u67e5\u601d\u8def\u3002UDP \u7aef\u53e3\u653e\u884c\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0e TCP \u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u628a \/tcp \u6362\u6210 \/udp \u5373\u53ef\u3002\u653e\u884c\u7aef\u53e3\u540e\uff0c\u52a1\u5fc5\u7528 –list-ports \u6216 –list-services \u590d\u8bfb\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u89c4\u5219\u786e\u5b9e\u5199\u5165\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u51ed\u5370\u8c61\u5224\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u5bcc\u89c4\u5219\uff1a\u5355\u7aef\u53e3\u8bf4\u4e0d\u6e05\u9700\u6c42\u65f6\u7528\u5b83<\/h2>\n
\u5f53\u9700\u8981”\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u67d0\u4e2a\u6765\u6e90 IP \u8bbf\u95ee\u67d0\u7aef\u53e3”\u8fd9\u7c7b\u66f4\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u65f6\uff0c\u5355\u7eaf –add-port \u5c31\u4e0d\u591f\u7528\u4e86\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7528 –add-rich-rule\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5bcc\u89c4\u5219\u8868\u793a\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8 192.168.1.0\/24 \u7f51\u6bb5\u8bbf\u95ee 3306 \u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u6765\u6e90\u4e00\u5f8b\u62d2\u7edd\u3002<\/p>\n
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule='rule family=\"ipv4\" source address=\"192.168.1.0\/24\" port protocol=\"tcp\" port=\"3306\" accept'\nfirewall-cmd --reload<\/pre>\n
\u5bcc\u89c4\u5219\u628a\u6765\u6e90\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u7aef\u53e3\u3001\u52a8\u4f5c\u4e09\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\u5199\u5728\u4e00\u6761 rule \u91cc\uff0c\u6bd4\u62c6\u5206\u591a\u6761 iptables \u547d\u4ee4\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8bfb\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u7ef4\u91cc\uff0c\u6700\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7aef\u53e3\u53ea\u5728\u5185\u7f51\u6216\u529e\u516c\u7f51\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u66b4\u9732\u5230\u516c\u7f51\u88ab\u66b4\u529b\u7834\u89e3\u626b\u63cf\u3002\u5bcc\u89c4\u5219\u540c\u6837\u652f\u6301 drop \u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u628a\u67d0\u4e2a\u5f02\u5e38\u6765\u6e90\u6574\u4f53\u62d2\u4e4b\u95e8\u5916\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u6d41\u91cf\u5165\u53e3\u5c42\u7684\u9632\u62a4\uff0c\u53ef\u5bf9\u7167 Nginx \u9650\u6d41\u914d\u7f6e<\/a>\u7684\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u628a\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4e0e Web \u5c42\u9650\u5236\u914d\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5bcc\u89c4\u5219\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u7aef\u53e3\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u53e0\u52a0\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e92\u65a5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u65e2\u901a\u8fc7 –add-port \u653e\u884c\uff0c\u53c8\u901a\u8fc7\u5bcc\u89c4\u5219\u9650\u5236\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u8d85\u51fa\u9884\u671f\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u540c\u7c7b\u63a7\u5236\u53ea\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u5199\u6cd5\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u51fa\u73b0”\u660e\u660e\u5199\u4e86\u62d2\u7edd\u5374\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee”\u7684\u56f0\u60d1\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u751f\u6548\u7684\u5bcc\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u7528 –list-rich-rules\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9488\u5bf9\u67d0 IP \u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u62d2\u7edd\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u628a\u6765\u6e90\u3001\u534f\u8bae\u3001\u52a8\u4f5c\u4e00\u6b21\u5199\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule='rule family=\"ipv4\" source address=\"203.0.113.25\" reject'\nfirewall-cmd --reload<\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u6761\u89c4\u5219\u4f1a\u628a\u6765\u81ea 203.0.113.25 \u7684\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7ad9\u8fde\u63a5\u76f4\u63a5\u62d2\u7edd\u3002\u5bcc\u89c4\u5219\u91cc\u8fd8\u80fd\u52a0 protocol \u6216 port \u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6536\u7a84\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53ea\u62d2\u7edd\u67d0\u4e2a\u6765\u6e90\u5bf9 22 \u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6392\u67e5\u89c4\u5219\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\uff0c\u5148\u770b –list-all \u4e0e –list-rich-rules \u7684\u53e0\u52a0\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u518d\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u4ece\u5bcc\u89c4\u5219\u8fd8\u662f\u7aef\u53e3\u89c4\u5219\u65b9\u5411\u8c03\u6574\u3002<\/p>\n
\"firewalld<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u4e0e\u56de\u6eda\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u628a\u9632\u706b\u5899\u6539\u6b7b<\/h2>\n
\u6240\u6709\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u90fd\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7”\u4e34\u65f6\u9a8c\u8bc1 + \u6c38\u4e45\u5199\u5165 + \u590d\u8bfb\u786e\u8ba4”\u4e09\u6b65\u3002\u4e34\u65f6\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6307\u4e0d\u52a0 –permanent \u5148\u6539\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u7528\u5b9e\u9645\u8bbf\u95ee\u786e\u8ba4\u6ca1\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u518d\u8865\u4e00\u6761 –permanent \u7248\u672c\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u628a\u4e00\u6761\u4f1a\u8e22\u6389\u81ea\u5df1 SSH \u4f1a\u8bdd\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u8fdb\u6301\u4e45\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u91cd\u542f\u540e\u8fde\u4e0d\u4e0a\u673a\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u628a\u89c4\u5219\u6539\u574f\uff0cfirewalld \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u56de\u6eda\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u7528 firewall-cmd –reload \u4f1a\u628a\u5f53\u524d\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u91cd\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6301\u4e45\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u7b49\u4e8e\u653e\u5f03\u6240\u6709\u672a\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6539\u52a8\u3002\u82e5\u6301\u4e45\u914d\u7f6e\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u9519\u4e86\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5907\u4efd \/etc\/firewalld\/zones\/ \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684 zone \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u518d\u7528\u5907\u4efd\u8fd8\u539f\u3002\u7a33\u59a5\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u6539\u52a8\u524d\u5148\u6267\u884c cp \u5907\u4efd\u6574\u4e2a \/etc\/firewalld \u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u6539\u52a8\u540e\u628a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u547d\u4ee4\u5199\u8fdb\u64cd\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u516c\u7f51\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684 SSH\uff08\u5b89\u5168\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u5f3a\u70c8\u5efa\u8bae\u4e0d\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4 22 \u7aef\u53e3\u66b4\u9732\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u901a\u8fc7 –add-port \u6362\u6210\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u518d\u5728\u786e\u8ba4\u80fd\u767b\u5f55\u540e\u5173\u95ed\u539f\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u53d8\u66f4\u8981\u591a\u505a\u4e00\u6b65\u56de\u6eda\u6f14\u7ec3\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u6b65\u51fa\u9519\u90fd\u80fd\u9000\u56de\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u9501\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5916\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u6392\u969c\uff1a\u7aef\u53e3\u653e\u884c\u540e\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u901a<\/h2>\n
\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u90fd\u653e\u884c\u4e86\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u5374\u4ecd\u7136\u8fde\u4e0d\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u662f\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u6ca1\u505a\uff0c\u7aef\u53e3\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u4e00\u91cd\u542f\u5c31\u4e22\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u662f\u653e\u884c\u5230\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u628a\u516c\u7f51\u7aef\u53e3\u52a0\u5230\u4e86\u5185\u7f51\u533a\u57df\u7684 trusted\uff0c\u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d70\u7684\u662f public\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u662f\u534f\u8bae\u6ca1\u914d\u5bf9\uff0c\u653e\u884c\u4e86 tcp \u5374\u6f0f\u6389 udp\u3002\u6392\u67e5\u65f6\u5148\u7528 firewall-cmd –list-all \u5bf9\u7167\u5f53\u524d\u9ed8\u8ba4\u533a\u57df\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u518d\u7ed3\u5408 ss -lntp \u786e\u8ba4\u670d\u52a1\u672c\u8eab\u786e\u5b9e\u5728\u76d1\u542c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u786e\u8ba4\u672c\u673a\u7aef\u53e3\u76d1\u542c\u6b63\u5e38\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u4ece\u5916\u90e8\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u6d4b\u8fde\u901a\u6027\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7528 nc \u63a2\u6d4b\u76ee\u6807\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u672c\u673a\u76d1\u542c\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4e5f\u653e\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u5916\u90e8\u4ecd\u4e0d\u901a\uff0c\u591a\u534a\u8fd8\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u4e91\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7ec4\u6216\u72ec\u7acb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u673a\u623f\u7684\u5165\u7ad9\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u5bb9\u6613\u628a\u95ee\u9898\u8bef\u5224\u6210 firewalld \u6ca1\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u88ab\u66f4\u5916\u5c42\u62e6\u622a\u3002\u628a\u9632\u706b\u5899\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u7ec4\u3001\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001\u4e09\u8005\u9010\u5c42\u6838\u5bf9\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u51c6\u786e\u5b9a\u4f4d\u662f\u54ea\u4e00\u5c42\u6321\u6389\u4e86\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n
# \u67e5\u770b\u7aef\u53e3\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001\nss -tnlp | grep 8080\n# \u672c\u673a\u67e5\u770b firewalld \u533a\u57df\u653e\u884c\nfirewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports<\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u5957”\u5148\u672c\u673a\u76d1\u542c\uff0c\u518d\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff0c\u518d\u5916\u5c42\u5b89\u5168\u7ec4”\u7684\u6392\u67e5\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u80fd\u5927\u5e45\u7f29\u77ed\u5b9a\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u82e5\u4f60\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u53ef\u63a7\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u5feb\u901f\u9a8c\u8bc1\u89c4\u5219\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u53ef\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u673a\u4e0a\u5148\u4e34\u65f6\u52a0\u653e\u884c\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u518d\u6062\u590d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u4e0a\u53cd\u590d\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n
firewalld \u533a\u57df\u4e0e\u89c4\u5219\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u4e09\u5c42\u914d\u5408\uff1a\u533a\u57df\u51b3\u5b9a\u7f51\u5361\u9ed8\u8ba4\u653e\u884c\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u7aef\u53e3\/\u670d\u52a1\u89c4\u5219\u51b3\u5b9a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u653e\u884c\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5bcc\u89c4\u5219\u5904\u7406\u6765\u6e90\u7ea7\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u65e5\u5e38\u8fd0\u7ef4\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4e09\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1a\u6539\u52a8\u5148\u7528\u4e0d\u52a0 –permanent \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e34\u65f6\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u540e\u518d\u5199\u6301\u4e45\u914d\u7f6e\uff1b\u653e\u884c\u540e\u4e00\u5b9a\u7528 –list-ports \u590d\u8bfb\uff1b\u4efb\u4f55\u5927\u6539\u52a8\u524d\u5148\u5907\u4efd \/etc\/firewalld\uff0c\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u7559\u4e00\u6761\u56de\u6eda\u7684\u9000\u8def\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5bf9\u8fd0\u884c\u5728 VPS \u6216\u72ec\u7acb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u4e1a\u52a1\u90fd\u901a\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4e1a\u52a1\u8fd8\u6d89\u53ca\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u9632\u62a4\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u7ed3\u5408 Certbot SSL\uff08Secure Sockets Layer\uff0c\u5b89\u5168\u5957\u63a5\u5c42\uff09\u8bc1\u4e66\u6392\u67e5<\/a>\u4e00\u8d77\u770b\uff0c\u628a HTTPS \u51fa\u53e3\u548c\u9632\u706b\u5899\u5165\u53e3\u6253\u901a\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e0e\u653e\u884c\u89c4\u5219\u5404\u7ba1\u4e00\u6bb5\u3002\u82e5\u4f60\u5e0c\u671b\u7528\u66f4\u7701\u5fc3\u7684\u6258\u7ba1\u65b9\u6848\u51cf\u5c11\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5e95\u5c42\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651 Hostease \u7684 VPS\uff08\u865a\u62df\u4e13\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff09\u4e3b\u673a<\/a>\uff0c\u628a\u7cbe\u529b\u653e\u5728\u4e1a\u52a1\u672c\u8eab\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53cd\u590d\u6392\u67e5\u9632\u706b\u5899\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u4ece firewalld \u7684\u533a\u57df\u673a\u5236\u8bb2\u8d77\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u533a\u3001\u7aef\u53e3\u653e\u884c\u3001\u5bcc\u89c4\u5219\u4e0e\u6c38\u4e45\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed9\u51fa\u6821\u9a8c\u4e0e\u56de\u6eda\u601d\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":32860,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3822],"tags":[4956,909,4958,4959,4957],"class_list":["post-32863","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guides","tag-firewalld","tag-linux","tag-4958","tag-4959","tag-4957"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/firewalld-server-practical-cover.webp","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32863","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32863"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32863\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32864,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32863\/revisions\/32864"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32860"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32863"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32863"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32863"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}