{"id":32309,"date":"2026-09-23T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-23T02:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/?p=32309"},"modified":"2026-09-28T14:44:44","modified_gmt":"2026-09-28T06:44:44","slug":"pgbouncer-postgresql-connection-pool","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/tutorials\/pgbouncer-postgresql-connection-pool\/","title":{"rendered":"PgBouncer \u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u90e8\u7f72\u5b9e\u6218\uff1a\u964d\u4f4e PostgreSQL \u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u5f00\u9500"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/pgbouncer-postgresql-connection-pool-cover.webp\" alt=\"PgBouncer \u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u5c06\u5e94\u7528\u8bf7\u6c42\u6c47\u805a\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u524d\u7f6e\u5c42\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u4e1a\u52a1\u5e76\u53d1\u7a81\u7136\u5347\u9ad8\u65f6\uff0cPostgreSQL \u7684\u74f6\u9888\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6765\u81ea\u6162 SQL\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6765\u81ea\u8fde\u63a5\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u8ba4\u8bc1\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u5ea6\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7528 PgBouncer \u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u90e8\u7f72\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u5e94\u7528\u4fa7\u5927\u91cf\u77ed\u8fde\u63a5\u6536\u675f\u4e3a\u5c11\u91cf\u7a33\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u964d\u4f4e\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u4e0b\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5178\u578b\u73b0\u8c61\u662f\uff1aCPU \u6ca1\u6709\u6253\u6ee1\uff0c\u78c1\u76d8 I\/O \u4e5f\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u5feb\u901f\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e0a\u9650\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0 <code>too many clients already<\/code>\u3002PgBouncer \u4e0d\u66ff\u4ee3\u7d22\u5f15\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u5374\u80fd\u628a\u201c\u9891\u7e41\u5efa\u8fde\u201d\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e3b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u524d\u79fb\u5230\u4e13\u95e8\u4ee3\u7406\u5c42\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 PostgreSQL \u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u62d6\u6162<\/h2>\n<p>PostgreSQL \u91c7\u7528\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u901a\u5e38\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u540e\u7aef\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u91cf\u4ece\u51e0\u5341\u4e2a\u589e\u957f\u5230\u51e0\u767e\u4e2a\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9700\u8981\u627f\u62c5\u66f4\u591a\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u3001\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc1\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5e94\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u914d\u7f6e\u4e86 8 \u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u4e0a\u9650\u662f 50\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f1a\u5236\u9020 400 \u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\uff1b\u5373\u4f7f\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8fde\u63a5\u5904\u4e8e\u7a7a\u95f2\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed\u5360\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 SQL \u770b\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5206\u5e03\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-sql\">SELECT state, count(*)\nFROM pg_stat_activity\nGROUP BY state\nORDER BY count(*) DESC;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5982\u679c <code>idle<\/code> \u6216 <code>idle in transaction<\/code> \u6570\u91cf\u957f\u671f\u504f\u9ad8\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5e94\u7528\u4fa7\u8fde\u63a5\u91ca\u653e\u6216\u4e8b\u52a1\u8fb9\u754c\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6d3b\u8dc3\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0d\u591a\u4f46\u603b\u8fde\u63a5\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u901a\u5e38\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u6539\u5584\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u5bb9\u91cf\u89c4\u5212\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003<a href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/server\/\">\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd0\u7ef4\u5185\u5bb9<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/pgbouncer-postgresql-connection-pool-traffic.webp\" alt=\"\u5e94\u7528\u77ed\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u957f\u8fde\u63a5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6536\u675f\u5173\u7cfb\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\u90e8\u7f72\u524d\u5148\u786e\u8ba4\u4e09\u4ef6\u4e8b<\/h2>\n<p>PgBouncer \u5f88\u8f7b\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u90e8\u7f72\u524d\u8981\u5148\u786e\u8ba4\u4e1a\u52a1\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u54ea\u79cd\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002PgBouncer \u5e38\u89c1\u6a21\u5f0f\u6709 <code>session<\/code>\u3001<code>transaction<\/code> \u548c <code>statement<\/code>\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\uff0c<code>transaction<\/code> \u6a21\u5f0f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u91ca\u653e\u540e\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u80fd\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u590d\u7528\u7387\uff1b\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u5e94\u7528\u4f9d\u8d56\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7ea7\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\u3001\u4f1a\u8bdd\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u957f\u4e8b\u52a1\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u7aef prepared statement\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u8c28\u614e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90e8\u7f72\u524d\u5efa\u8bae\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u7ec4\u68c0\u67e5\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0a\u9650\uff1a\u7edf\u8ba1\u5e94\u7528\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6570\u3001\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u4e0a\u9650\u548c PostgreSQL <code>max_connections<\/code>\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 8\u00d750 \u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u8fc7\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u627f\u8f7d\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e8b\u52a1\u884c\u4e3a\uff1a\u62bd\u6837\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u8d85\u8fc7 30 \u79d2\u7684\u957f\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u7528 <code>SELECT now()-xact_start, query FROM pg_stat_activity WHERE xact_start IS NOT NULL;<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6545\u969c\u56de\u9000\uff1a\u4fdd\u7559\u5e94\u7528\u76f4\u8fde\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u9879\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 5 \u5206\u949f\u5185\u5207\u56de\u539f\u8fde\u63a5\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u786e\u8ba4 PostgreSQL \u5f53\u524d\u4f7f\u7528 <code>md5<\/code>\u3001<code>scram-sha-256<\/code> \u8fd8\u662f\u8bc1\u4e66\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u907f\u514d PgBouncer \u7528\u6237\u8868\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u90e8\u7f72\u5728 <a href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/vps\/\">VPS<\/a>\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/vps\/\">\u865a\u62df\u4e13\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/a>\uff09\u6216\u72ec\u670d\uff08\u72ec\u7acb<a href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/dedicated-server\/\">\u7269\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/a>\uff09\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u8bc4\u4f30\u7f51\u7edc\u8def\u5f84\u3002PgBouncer \u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u540c\u673a\u3001\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540c\u673a\uff0c\u6216\u90e8\u7f72\u5728\u5355\u72ec\u4ee3\u7406\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u5bf9\u4e2d\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u4e1a\u52a1\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5148\u653e\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540c\u4e00\u5185\u7f51\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u989d\u5916\u7f51\u7edc\u8df3\u6570\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u6392\u969c\u3002\u6d89\u53ca\u4e3b\u673a\u65b9\u6848\u9009\u62e9\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u7ed3\u5408<a href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/vps\/\">VPS\uff08\u865a\u62df\u4e13\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff09\u4e3b\u673a\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9<\/a>\u5224\u65ad\u8d44\u6e90\u5f39\u6027\u548c\u9694\u79bb\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5b89\u88c5 PgBouncer \u5e76\u51c6\u5907\u6700\u5c0f\u53ef\u7528\u914d\u7f6e<\/h2>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee5\u5e38\u89c1 Linux \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u540d\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4e0d\u540c\u7565\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u751f\u4ea7\u524d\u5efa\u8bae\u5148\u5728\u9884\u53d1\u5e03\u73af\u5883\u5b8c\u6574\u8dd1\u4e00\u904d\u5e94\u7528\u767b\u5f55\u3001\u4e0b\u5355\u3001\u540e\u53f0\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo apt update\nsudo apt install -y pgbouncer\nsudo systemctl enable pgbouncer\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6838\u5fc3\u914d\u7f6e\u901a\u5e38\u4f4d\u4e8e <code>\/etc\/pgbouncer\/pgbouncer.ini<\/code>\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u5c0f\u53ef\u7528\u914d\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u5f00\u59cb\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-ini\">[databases]\nappdb = host=127.0.0.1 port=5432 dbname=appdb\n\n[pgbouncer]\nlisten_addr = 0.0.0.0\nlisten_port = 6432\nauth_type = scram-sha-256\nauth_file = \/etc\/pgbouncer\/userlist.txt\npool_mode = transaction\nmax_client_conn = 1000\ndefault_pool_size = 50\nreserve_pool_size = 10\nreserve_pool_timeout = 3\nserver_reset_query = DISCARD ALL\nignore_startup_parameters = extra_float_digits\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8bef\u914d\u3002<code>max_client_conn<\/code> \u662f PgBouncer \u63a5\u6536\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0a\u9650\uff0c\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u771f\u5b9e\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\uff1b<code>default_pool_size<\/code> \u624d\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u540e\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1a\u52a1\u5e93\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1a\u52a1\u7528\u6237\uff0c<code>default_pool_size=50<\/code> \u610f\u5473\u7740 PgBouncer \u6700\u591a\u5411 PostgreSQL \u4fdd\u6301\u7ea6 50 \u6761\u5e38\u89c4\u540e\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u7528\u4fa7\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fde\u63a5\u5230 PgBouncer \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u5219\u7531 <code>max_client_conn<\/code> \u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/pgbouncer-postgresql-connection-pool-architecture.webp\" alt=\"PgBouncer \u524d\u7f6e\u5c42\u4e0e PostgreSQL \u540e\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u7684\u5206\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u6539\u9020\u548c\u7070\u5ea6\u5207\u6362<\/h2>\n<p>PgBouncer \u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6587\u4ef6\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7b97\u6cd5\u5339\u914d\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u8be2\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u518d\u5199\u5165 <code>\/etc\/pgbouncer\/userlist.txt<\/code>\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-text\">&quot;app_user&quot; &quot;SCRAM-SHA-256$4096:example-salt$example-stored-key:example-server-key&quot;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8981\u628a\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u503c\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u683c\u5f0f\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u66f4\u65b0\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\u6267\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo systemctl restart pgbouncer\npsql -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6432 -U app_user -d appdb -c &quot;SELECT 1;&quot;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5e94\u7528\u4fa7\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u628a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7aef\u53e3\u4ece <code>5432<\/code> \u6539\u4e3a <code>6432<\/code>\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u6539\u4e3a PgBouncer \u5730\u5740\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u6309\u201c\u5355\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7070\u5ea6\u2192\u534a\u6570\u5b9e\u4f8b\u2192\u5168\u90e8\u5b9e\u4f8b\u201d\u5207\u6362\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u89c2\u5bdf 10 \u5230 15 \u5206\u949f\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u770b\u9519\u8bef\u7387\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u548c\u5e73\u5747\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>PgBouncer \u81ea\u5e26\u7ba1\u7406\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u67e5\u770b\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5e38\u590d\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">psql -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6432 -U pgbouncer pgbouncer -c &quot;SHOW POOLS;&quot;\npsql -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6432 -U pgbouncer pgbouncer -c &quot;SHOW STATS;&quot;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5982\u679c <code>cl_active<\/code> \u5f88\u9ad8\u800c <code>sv_active<\/code> \u7ef4\u6301\u5728\u53ef\u63a7\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u524d\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u6709\u6548\u6536\u675f\uff1b\u5982\u679c <code>wait_clients<\/code> \u6301\u7eed\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u540e\u7aef\u6c60\u592a\u5c0f\u3001SQL \u592a\u6162\uff0c\u6216\u4e8b\u52a1\u6ca1\u6709\u53ca\u65f6\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u4e0d\u8981\u76f2\u76ee\u628a <code>default_pool_size<\/code> \u4ece 50 \u63d0\u5230 300\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4f1a\u628a\u538b\u529b\u91cd\u65b0\u63a8\u56de PostgreSQL\u3002\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u5148\u7ed3\u5408\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\u548c <code>pg_stat_activity<\/code> \u627e\u51fa\u7b49\u5f85\u6765\u6e90\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/guides\/ttfb-hosting-optimization\/\">\u7f51\u7ad9\u6027\u80fd<\/a>\u6392\u67e5\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ef6\u4f38\u9605\u8bfb<a href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/guides\/ttfb-hosting-optimization\/\">TTFB \u4e0e\u4e3b\u673a\u4f18\u5316\u6307\u5357<\/a>\uff0c\u628a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u540e\u7aef\u5904\u7406\u548c\u524d\u7aef\u9996\u5b57\u8282\u65f6\u95f4\u4e00\u8d77\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u53c2\u6570\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a\u5148\u63a7\u5236\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u518d\u6269\u5927\u541e\u5410<\/h2>\n<p>PgBouncer \u53c2\u6570\u6ca1\u6709\u901a\u7528\u56fa\u5b9a\u503c\u3002\u5c0f\u578b\u4e1a\u52a1\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece <code>default_pool_size=20<\/code> \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e2d\u578b\u4e1a\u52a1\u5e38\u89c1\u8303\u56f4\u662f 50 \u5230 100\u3002\u5173\u952e\u662f\u8ba9\u540e\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u4fdd\u6301\u5728 PostgreSQL \u80fd\u7a33\u5b9a\u5904\u7406\u7684\u533a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u5957\u5b9e\u7528\u8d77\u70b9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>pool_mode=transaction<\/code>\uff1a\u9002\u5408\u591a\u6570 Web \u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u91ca\u653e\u540e\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u590d\u7528\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>max_client_conn=1000<\/code>\uff1a\u5141\u8bb8\u5e94\u7528\u4fa7\u77ed\u8fde\u63a5\u8fdb\u5165\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u914d\u5408\u7cfb\u7edf <code>ulimit -n<\/code>\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u4e0a\u9650\u81f3\u5c11 4096\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>default_pool_size=50<\/code>\uff1a\u5148\u4fdd\u62a4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf <code>wait_clients<\/code> \u540e\u518d\u6309 10 \u6216 20 \u7684\u6b65\u957f\u8c03\u6574\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>query_timeout=60<\/code>\uff1a\u907f\u514d\u5f02\u5e38\u8bf7\u6c42\u957f\u671f\u5360\u7528\u540e\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u503c\u5e94\u4e0e\u4e1a\u52a1\u63a5\u53e3\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u5f39\u6027\u8ba1\u7b97\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff09\u6216\u591a\u8282\u70b9\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u628a\u5e94\u7528\u81ea\u8eab\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u4e5f\u540c\u6b65\u8c03\u5c0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b <code>maximumPoolSize=50<\/code>\uff0c\u63a5\u5165\u540e\u53ef\u5148\u964d\u5230 10 \u5230 20\u3002WordPress\u3001\u8bba\u575b\u6216\u591a\u79df\u6237\u7ad9\u70b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u53c2\u8003<a href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wordpress\/\">WordPress \u8fd0\u7ef4\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316\u6587\u7ae0<\/a>\u4e2d\u7684\u540e\u7aef\u74f6\u9888\u6392\u67e5\u601d\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/pgbouncer-postgresql-connection-pool-tuning.webp\" alt=\"\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u53c2\u6570\u4ece\u8fc7\u91cf\u8fde\u63a5\u8c03\u6574\u4e3a\u53ef\u63a7\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u5bf9\u6bd4\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\u5e38\u89c1\u6545\u969c\u4e0e\u6392\u67e5\u8def\u5f84<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e0a\u7ebf PgBouncer \u540e\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u542f\u52a8\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u3002\u6bd4\u5982 <code>transaction<\/code> \u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u5982\u679c\u4f9d\u8d56\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7ea7 prepared statement\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u5076\u53d1\u67e5\u8be2\u9519\u8bef\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728 <code>idle in transaction<\/code>\uff0c\u540e\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u4f1a\u88ab\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u5360\u4f4f\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u6548\u679c\u4f1a\u660e\u663e\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9047\u5230\u5f02\u5e38\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u8fd9\u4e2a\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u67e5\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5148\u786e\u8ba4\u4ee3\u7406\u53ef\u7528\uff1a\u6267\u884c <code>systemctl status pgbouncer<\/code> \u548c <code>ss -lntp | grep 6432<\/code>\uff0c\u6392\u9664\u670d\u52a1\u672a\u76d1\u542c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u518d\u770b\u8ba4\u8bc1\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u65e5\u5fd7\u51fa\u73b0 <code>password authentication failed<\/code>\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5 <code>\/etc\/pgbouncer\/userlist.txt<\/code> \u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u662f\u5426\u540c\u6b65\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u63a5\u7740\u770b\u8fde\u63a5\u7b49\u5f85\uff1a<code>SHOW POOLS;<\/code> \u4e2d <code>wait_clients<\/code> \u8d85\u8fc7 0 \u4e14\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4f18\u5148\u68c0\u67e5\u6162 SQL \u548c\u957f\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6700\u540e\u770b\u5e94\u7528\u517c\u5bb9\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u63a5\u53e3\u62a5\u9519\uff0c\u4e34\u65f6\u628a\u8be5\u5e94\u7528\u5207\u56de\u76f4\u8fde\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u662f\u5426\u4e0e <code>pool_mode<\/code> \u6709\u5173\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u4f18\u5148\u4e0a PgBouncer<\/h2>\n<p>PgBouncer \u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u7ba1\u7406\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u5360\u6bd4\u9ad8\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u7f3a\u5931\u3001\u5355\u8868\u626b\u63cf\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u53ea\u4f1a\u8ba9\u66f4\u591a\u8bf7\u6c42\u6392\u961f\u8fdb\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u964d\u4f4e\u5355\u6b21\u67e5\u8be2\u6210\u672c\u3002\u4e0a\u7ebf\u524d\u5efa\u8bae\u5148\u7528 <code>EXPLAIN ANALYZE<\/code> \u627e\u51fa\u8017\u65f6 SQL\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u8ba4\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u77db\u76fe\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e1a\u52a1\u5927\u91cf\u4f9d\u8d56\u957f\u8fde\u63a5\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3001\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\u3001LISTEN\/NOTIFY \u6216\u590d\u6742\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c<code>transaction<\/code> \u6a21\u5f0f\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u9000\u56de <code>session<\/code> \u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u590d\u7528\u6536\u76ca\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u603b\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u957f\u671f\u4f4e\u4e8e 50 \u7684\u7ad9\u70b9\uff0cPgBouncer \u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8fd0\u7ef4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u9ad8\u4e8e\u6536\u76ca\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u66f4\u63a8\u8350\u5148\u5b8c\u5584\u5907\u4efd\u3001\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u628a PgBouncer \u5f53\u6210\u8fde\u63a5\u6cbb\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e07\u80fd\u52a0\u901f\u5668<\/h2>\n<p>\u603b\u7ed3\u6765\u770b\uff0cPgBouncer \u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u9002\u5408\u89e3\u51b3\u201c\u5e94\u7528\u77ed\u8fde\u63a5\u592a\u591a\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u8fc7\u9ad8\u3001\u8ba4\u8bc1\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u5ea6\u5f00\u9500\u504f\u5927\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u63a8\u8350\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u5148\u7edf\u8ba1\u8fde\u63a5\u6765\u6e90\u548c\u4e8b\u52a1\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u518d\u4ee5 <code>transaction<\/code> \u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u5c0f\u6b65\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u7070\u5ea6\u5207\u6362\u548c\u53ef\u56de\u6eda\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u7ebf\u3002\u4e0a\u7ebf\u540e\u6301\u7eed\u89c2\u5bdf <code>SHOW POOLS;<\/code>\u3001<code>SHOW STATS;<\/code>\u3001<code>pg_stat_activity<\/code> \u548c\u5e94\u7528\u9519\u8bef\u7387\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u4e0b\u964d\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u6765\u7b49\u5f85\u961f\u5217\u4e0a\u5347\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u7f51\u7ad9\u9009\u62e9\u66f4\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u53ef\u5728 Hostease \u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u628a PostgreSQL\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u548c PgBouncer \u505a\u8d44\u6e90\u9694\u79bb\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408<a href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/server\/\">\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316<\/a>\u3001\u5907\u4efd\u548c\u76d1\u63a7\u89c4\u5212\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u5efa\u8bae\u5148\u8bb0\u5f55\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u63a5\u5165\u524d\u540e\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u300195 \u5206\u4f4d\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u7387\uff0c\u518d\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u751f\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u672c\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd PgBouncer \u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u7684\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3001\u90e8\u7f72\u6b65\u9aa4\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5e38\u89c1\u907f\u5751\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u4e1a\u52a1\u964d\u4f4e PostgreSQL \u8fde\u63a5\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":32305,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4099],"tags":[4403,4402,4703,3612,4704],"class_list":["post-32309","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tutorials","tag-pgbouncer","tag-postgresql","tag-4703","tag-3612","tag-4704"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/pgbouncer-postgresql-connection-pool-cover.webp","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32309","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32309"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32309\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33379,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32309\/revisions\/33379"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32305"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32309"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32309"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32309"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}