{"id":32297,"date":"2026-07-30T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-07-30T02:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/?p=32297"},"modified":"2026-08-03T17:27:57","modified_gmt":"2026-08-03T09:27:57","slug":"linux-io-bottleneck-tools","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/tutorials\/linux-io-bottleneck-tools\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux \u78c1\u76d8 I\/O \u74f6\u9888\u6392\u67e5\uff1aiostat\u3001pidstat \u4e0e fio \u5b9e\u6218\u6307\u5357"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/linux-io-bottleneck-tools-cover.webp\" alt=\"Linux \u78c1\u76d8 I\/O \u74f6\u9888\u6392\u67e5\u5c01\u9762\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u7f51\u7ad9\u54cd\u5e94\u7a81\u7136\u53d8\u6162\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u6392\u961f\u3001\u5907\u4efd\u4efb\u52a1\u62d6\u57ae\u6574\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u51fa\u5728 CPU \u6216\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f Linux \u78c1\u76d8 I\/O\uff08\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\uff09\u74f6\u9888\u3002\u672c\u6587\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u9762\u5411\u8fd0\u7ef4\u548c\u7ad9\u957f\u7684\u6392\u67e5\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u6559\u4f60\u5982\u4f55\u7528 <code>iostat<\/code>\u3001<code>pidstat<\/code> \u4e0e <code>fio<\/code> \u628a\u201c\u611f\u89c9\u78c1\u76d8\u6162\u201d\u62c6\u6210\u53ef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1a\u78c1\u76d8\u662f\u5426\u5fd9\u3001\u54ea\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u8bfb\u5199\u3001\u771f\u5b9e\u5b58\u50a8\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u5426\u4f4e\u4e8e\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u8fd0\u884c\u5728 <a href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/vps\/\">VPS\uff08\u865a\u62df\u4e13\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff09<\/a> \u6216<a href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/dedicated-server\/\">\u72ec\u7acb\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/a>\u4e0a\uff0c\u78c1\u76d8 I\/O\uff08\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\uff09\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4f20\u3002\u6392\u67e5\u65f6\u4e0d\u8981\u5148\u6025\u7740\u91cd\u542f\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u53ea\u770b <code>top<\/code> \u91cc\u7684 CPU\uff08\u4e2d\u592e\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff09\u5360\u7528\u3002\u66f4\u7a33\u59a5\u7684\u601d\u8def\u662f\uff1a\u5148\u786e\u8ba4\u8bbe\u5907\u5c42\u662f\u5426\u7e41\u5fd9\uff0c\u518d\u5b9a\u4f4d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c42\u8bfb\u5199\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u7528\u53ef\u63a7\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u78c1\u76d8\u80fd\u529b\u8fb9\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5148\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u78c1\u76d8 I\/O \u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n<p>Linux \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d8\u6162\u65f6\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u8868\u8c61\u5305\u62ec\u9875\u9762\u6253\u5f00\u8d85\u8fc7 3 \u79d2\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u53d8\u591a\u3001SSH \u547d\u4ee4\u56de\u663e\u5361\u987f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\u53ef\u80fd\u6765\u81ea\u7f51\u7edc\u3001CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u56de\u6536\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6765\u81ea\u78c1\u76d8\u961f\u5217\u5806\u79ef\u3002\u6392\u67e5\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u662f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u6307\u6807\u628a\u8303\u56f4\u7f29\u5c0f\u5230 I\/O\uff08\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u5b89\u88c5 <code>sysstat<\/code> \u5de5\u5177\u5305\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u542b <code>iostat<\/code> \u548c <code>pidstat<\/code>\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u547d\u4ee4\u7565\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># Debian \/ Ubuntu\nsudo apt update\nsudo apt install -y sysstat\n\nRHEL \/ Rocky \/ AlmaLinux:\nsudo dnf install -y sysstat\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5b89\u88c5\u540e\u5148\u89c2\u5bdf 5 \u8f6e\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u95f4\u9694 1 \u79d2\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">iostat -xz 1 5<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u8981\u53ea\u76ef\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u3002<code>%util<\/code> \u63a5\u8fd1 100% \u8bf4\u660e\u8bbe\u5907\u5f88\u5fd9\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u201c\u6027\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u8017\u5c3d\u201d\uff1b<code>await<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e73\u5747\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u82e5\u957f\u671f\u9ad8\u4e8e 20ms\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u7ad9\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u660e\u663e\u53d8\u6162\uff1b<code>r\/s<\/code>\u3001<code>w\/s<\/code>\u3001<code>rkB\/s<\/code>\u3001<code>wkB\/s<\/code> \u80fd\u533a\u5206\u5c0f\u6587\u4ef6\u9ad8\u9891\u8bfb\u5199\u548c\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u8fde\u7eed\u541e\u5410\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/linux-io-bottleneck-tools-iostat.webp\" alt=\"iostat \u6307\u6807\u89c2\u5bdf\u793a\u610f\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\u7528 iostat \u770b\u8bbe\u5907\u5c42\uff1a\u5fd9\u4e0d\u5fd9\u3001\u6162\u5728\u54ea\u91cc<\/h2>\n<p><code>iostat -xz<\/code> \u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5728\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u56de\u7b54\u201c\u78c1\u76d8\u8bbe\u5907\u5c42\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u74f6\u9888\u201d\u3002\u5b9e\u7528\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e1a\u52a1\u9ad8\u5cf0\u671f 1-3 \u5206\u949f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u622a\u53d6\u67d0\u4e00\u79d2\u5cf0\u503c\u3002\u77ed\u6682\u5c16\u5cf0\u672a\u5fc5\u9700\u8981\u6269\u5bb9\uff1b\u5982\u679c <code>await<\/code> \u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u5347\u9ad8\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5e94\u7528\u54cd\u5e94\u53d8\u6162\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5efa\u8bae\u6309\u4e0b\u9762 4 \u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>await<\/code>\uff1a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e73\u5747\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4\u3002Web \u5e94\u7528\u5e38\u89c1\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4fdd\u6301\u5728 10-20ms \u4ee5\u5185\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7 50ms \u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u62d6\u6162\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u63d0\u4ea4\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>r\/s<\/code> \u4e0e <code>w\/s<\/code>\uff1a\u6bcf\u79d2\u8bfb\u5199\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u3002\u6570\u503c\u9ad8\u4f46\u541e\u5410\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5927\u91cf\u5c0f\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u968f\u673a I\/O\uff08\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>rkB\/s<\/code> \u4e0e <code>wkB\/s<\/code>\uff1a\u6bcf\u79d2\u8bfb\u5199\u541e\u5410\u3002\u6301\u7eed\u63a5\u8fd1\u5957\u9910\u6216\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u9650\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u8003\u8651\u4e1a\u52a1\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u9ad8\u89c4\u683c\u5b58\u50a8\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>%util<\/code>\uff1a\u8bbe\u5907\u5fd9\u788c\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u5355\u5757\u4f20\u7edf\u78c1\u76d8\u63a5\u8fd1 100% \u98ce\u9669\u5f88\u9ad8\uff1b\u865a\u62df\u5316\u73af\u5883\u8981\u7ed3\u5408 <code>await<\/code> \u548c\u4e1a\u52a1\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4e00\u8d77\u770b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u665a\u95f4\u5907\u4efd\u65f6 <code>wkB\/s<\/code> \u8fbe\u5230 180000\uff0c<code>await<\/code> \u4ece 3ms \u5347\u5230 80ms\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5199\u5165\u5ef6\u8fdf\u540c\u6b65\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u662f\u201cLinux \u6162\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5907\u4efd\u5360\u7528\u8fde\u7eed\u5199\u5165\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u9650\u901f\u3001\u9519\u5cf0\uff0c\u518d\u89c2\u5bdf <code>await<\/code> \u662f\u5426\u56de\u843d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6b63\u5728\u6392\u67e5 <a href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/server\/\">\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6027\u80fd<\/a> \u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a <code>iostat<\/code> \u8f93\u51fa\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\u65f6\u95f4\u7ebf\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u770b\u3002\u6bd4\u5982 14:05 \u51fa\u73b0\u5927\u91cf 5xx\uff0c\u800c 14:04-14:10 \u7684 <code>await<\/code> \u6301\u7eed\u9ad8\u4e8e 60ms\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u8bc1\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7528 pidstat \u627e\u5230\u5177\u4f53\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff1a\u8c01\u5728\u8bfb\u5199\u78c1\u76d8<\/h2>\n<p>\u786e\u8ba4\u8bbe\u5907\u5c42\u7e41\u5fd9\u540e\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u8981\u56de\u7b54\u201c\u662f\u8c01\u9020\u6210\u7684\u201d\u3002<code>pidstat<\/code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u8fdb\u7a0b\u663e\u793a I\/O\uff08\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\uff09\u8bfb\u5199\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u6bd4\u53ea\u770b <code>iotop<\/code> \u66f4\u9002\u5408\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">pidstat -d 1 10<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u7684 <code>kB_rd\/s<\/code>\u3001<code>kB_wr\/s<\/code> \u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6bcf\u79d2\u8bfb\u5199\u91cf\uff0c<code>Command<\/code> \u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540d\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u6a21\u5f0f\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6301\u7eed\u5199\u5165\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u91c7\u96c6\u8bfb\u53d6\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u5907\u4efd\u811a\u672c\u8fde\u7eed\u5199\u5f52\u6863\u5305\u3001\u56fe\u7247\u5904\u7406\u4ea7\u751f\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u67d0\u4e2a PID\uff08\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7f16\u53f7\uff09\u6301\u7eed\u5199\u5165\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u67e5\u770b\u5b83\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo ls -l \/proc\/&lt;PID&gt;\/fd\nsudo lsof -p &lt;PID&gt; | head -50<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u80fd\u628a\u201c\u67d0\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5199\u5f88\u591a\u201d\u63a8\u8fdb\u5230\u201c\u5199\u7684\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u201d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 <code>mysqld<\/code> \u6bcf\u79d2\u5199\u5165 40MB\uff0c\u4e14\u6587\u4ef6\u843d\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u4e1a\u52a1\u5199\u5165\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u66f4\u65b0\u6216\u6162\u4e8b\u52a1\u6709\u5173\uff1b\u82e5\u662f\u5907\u4efd\u811a\u672c\u5199\u5165 <code>\/backup<\/code>\uff0c\u5219\u4f18\u5148\u8c03\u6574\u5907\u4efd\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/linux-io-bottleneck-tools-process.webp\" alt=\"\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8bfb\u5199\u5b9a\u4f4d\u793a\u610f\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\u7528 fio \u505a\u53ef\u63a7\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b58\u50a8\u80fd\u529b\u8fb9\u754c<\/h2>\n<p><code>iostat<\/code> \u548c <code>pidstat<\/code> \u89e3\u51b3\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c<code>fio<\/code> \u89e3\u51b3\u201c\u8fd9\u5757\u78c1\u76d8\u5927\u6982\u80fd\u8dd1\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u6c34\u5e73\u201d\u3002\u6d4b\u8bd5\u524d\u8981\u907f\u514d\u751f\u4ea7\u9ad8\u5cf0\u548c\u7834\u574f\u6027\u5199\u5165\u3002\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u975e\u4e1a\u52a1\u76ee\u5f55\u521b\u5efa\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u65f6\u957f\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4f4e\u5cf0\u671f\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5148\u5b89\u88c5 <code>fio<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># Debian \/ Ubuntu\nsudo apt install -y fio\n\nRHEL \/ Rocky \/ AlmaLinux:\nsudo dnf install -y fio\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u968f\u673a\u8bfb\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u6267\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">mkdir -p \/tmp\/fio-test\nfio --name=randrw-test   --directory=\/tmp\/fio-test   --size=1G   --rw=randrw   --rwmixread=70   --bs=4k   --iodepth=16   --numjobs=2   --runtime=60   --time_based   --group_reporting<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u7ec4\u53c2\u6570\u6a21\u62df 70% \u8bfb\u53d6\u300130% \u5199\u5165\u7684\u5c0f\u5757\u968f\u673a I\/O\uff08\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\uff09\u3002<code>bs=4k<\/code> \u662f 4KB \u5757\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c<code>iodepth=16<\/code> \u662f\u961f\u5217\u6df1\u5ea6\uff0c<code>runtime=60<\/code> \u662f\u8fd0\u884c 60 \u79d2\u3002\u6d4b\u8bd5\u540e\u91cd\u70b9\u770b IOPS\uff08\u6bcf\u79d2\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u6b21\u6570\uff09\u3001\u5e26\u5bbd\u548c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5206\u4f4d\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u53ea\u60f3\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fde\u7eed\u5199\u5165\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">fio --name=seqwrite-test   --directory=\/tmp\/fio-test   --size=2G   --rw=write   --bs=1M   --iodepth=8   --numjobs=1   --runtime=60   --time_based   --group_reporting<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u53ca\u65f6\u6e05\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">rm -rf \/tmp\/fio-test<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u8ffd\u6c42\u6f02\u4eae\u5206\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u57fa\u7ebf\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u7a7a\u8f7d\u968f\u673a\u8bfb\u5199 12000 IOPS\uff0c\u9ad8\u5cf0\u53ea\u6709 2500 IOPS\uff0c\u540c\u65f6 <code>await<\/code> \u5347\u9ad8\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5224\u65ad\u4e1a\u52a1\u538b\u529b\u6216\u540c\u76d8\u4efb\u52a1\u5403\u6389\u4e86\u53ef\u7528 I\/O\uff08\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/linux-io-bottleneck-tools-fio.webp\" alt=\"fio \u6d4b\u8bd5\u573a\u666f\u793a\u610f\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\u628a\u4e09\u7c7b\u5de5\u5177\u4e32\u6210\u6392\u67e5\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h2>\n<p>\u5355\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fa7\u9762\uff0c\u6392\u67e5\u65f6\u66f4\u63a8\u8350\u6309\u56fa\u5b9a\u6d41\u7a0b\u63a8\u8fdb\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u201c\u91cd\u542f\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u6e05\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u6362\u914d\u7f6e\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u53cd\u590d\u8bd5\u9519\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e <a href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/guides\/ttfb-hosting-optimization\/\">\u7f51\u7ad9\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316<\/a> \u573a\u666f\uff0c\u78c1\u76d8 I\/O\uff08\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\uff09\u9002\u5408\u548c TTFB\uff08\u9996\u5b57\u8282\u65f6\u95f4\uff09\u3001\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u4e00\u8d77\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u6d41\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u8bb0\u5f55\u6545\u969c\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982 20:10-20:25 \u9875\u9762\u54cd\u5e94\u4ece 800ms \u5347\u5230 5s\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u5b58\u5e94\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\u7247\u6bb5\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd0\u884c <code>iostat -xz 1 60<\/code>\uff1a\u786e\u8ba4 <code>await<\/code>\u3001\u541e\u5410\u548c <code>%util<\/code> \u662f\u5426\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd0\u884c <code>pidstat -d 1 60<\/code>\uff1a\u627e\u51fa\u6301\u7eed\u8bfb\u5199\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55 PID\uff08\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7f16\u53f7\uff09\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7528 <code>lsof -p &lt;PID&gt;<\/code> \u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u5907\u4efd\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u4e0a\u4f20\u76ee\u5f55\u8fd8\u662f\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f4e\u5cf0\u671f\u7528 <code>fio<\/code> \u5efa\u7acb\u57fa\u7ebf\uff1a\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e1a\u52a1\u9ad8\u5cf0\u548c\u7a7a\u8f7d\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u6216\u8d44\u6e90\u5347\u7ea7\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\u67d0\u7ad9\u70b9\u6bcf\u5929 02:00 \u505a\u5168\u91cf\u5907\u4efd\uff0c30GB \u5f52\u6863\u5199\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u76d8\uff0c02:10 \u5de6\u53f3\u540e\u53f0\u4fdd\u5b58\u9891\u7e41\u8d85\u65f6\u3002\u6392\u67e5\u53d1\u73b0 <code>await<\/code> \u5cf0\u503c\u8d85\u8fc7 100ms\uff0c<code>pidstat<\/code> \u663e\u793a\u538b\u7f29\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6301\u7eed\u5199\u5165\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u4f18\u5148\u628a\u5907\u4efd\u6539\u4e3a\u589e\u91cf\u3001\u9650\u5236\u5e76\u53d1\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u5f52\u6863\u8f93\u51fa\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u72ec\u7acb\u6570\u636e\u76d8\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5e38\u89c1\u8bef\u5224\u4e0e\u5904\u7406\u5efa\u8bae<\/h2>\n<p>\u5f88\u591a I\/O\uff08\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\uff09\u95ee\u9898\u62d6\u5f88\u4e45\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u8bef\u5224\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u770b\u5230 <code>%util<\/code> \u9ad8\u5c31\u5347\u7ea7\u5957\u9910\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5ffd\u7565\u5907\u4efd\u811a\u672c\u65e0\u9650\u5199\u5165\uff1b\u770b\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6162\u5c31\u6539 SQL\uff08\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6f0f\u6389\u78c1\u76d8\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\u770b\u5230 <code>fio<\/code> \u5206\u6570\u4f4e\u5c31\u4e0b\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u76ee\u5f55\u9009\u9519\u4e86\u78c1\u76d8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u66f4\u7a33\u59a5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u5148\u533a\u5206 3 \u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4efb\u52a1\u8c03\u5ea6\u51b2\u7a81\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u5199\u5165\u5f02\u5e38\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u89c4\u683c\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u524d\u4e24\u7c7b\u901a\u5e38\u5148\u9760\u9519\u5cf0\u3001\u9650\u901f\u3001\u6e05\u7406\u7f13\u5b58\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u89e3\u51b3\uff1b\u53ea\u6709\u6301\u7eed\u5199\u5165\u91cf\u63a5\u8fd1\u78c1\u76d8\u57fa\u7ebf\uff0c\u624d\u8fdb\u5165\u5b58\u50a8\u5347\u7ea7\u6216\u8fc1\u79fb\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u90e8\u7f72\u9ad8\u5199\u5165\u4e1a\u52a1\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5148\u6309\u6a21\u578b\u9009\u62e9\u8d44\u6e90\uff1a\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ad9\u5173\u6ce8\u7a33\u5b9a\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5e94\u7528\u5173\u6ce8\u968f\u673a I\/O\uff08\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\uff09\u548c\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7ad9\u8fd8\u8981\u8bc4\u4f30 <a href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/server\/\">\u5e26\u5bbd\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u80fd\u529b\uff09<\/a> \u4e0e\u78c1\u76d8\u541e\u5410\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/linux-io-bottleneck-tools-workflow.webp\" alt=\"\u6392\u67e5\u6d41\u7a0b\u793a\u610f\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\u6392\u67e5\u540e\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u987a\u5e8f<\/h2>\n<p>\u5b8c\u6210\u5b9a\u4f4d\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u9a6c\u4e0a\u505a\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8fc1\u79fb\u3002\u5148\u4ece\u4f4e\u98ce\u9669\u52a8\u4f5c\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u6307\u6807\u662f\u5426\u56de\u843d\uff0c\u518d\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u8fdb\u5165\u67b6\u6784\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u65e2\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u4e1a\u52a1\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u628a\u77ed\u671f\u5f02\u5e38\u8bef\u5f53\u6210\u957f\u671f\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5efa\u8bae\u6309\u8fd9\u4e2a\u987a\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9519\u5cf0\uff1a\u628a\u5907\u4efd\u3001\u538b\u7f29\u3001\u6279\u91cf\u5bfc\u5165\u4ece 20:00 \u9ad8\u5cf0\u6539\u5230 03:30\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u7559 7 \u5929\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9650\u901f\uff1a\u5bf9 <code>rsync<\/code> \u6216\u5907\u4efd\u811a\u672c\u8bbe\u7f6e I\/O\uff08\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\uff09\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528 <code>ionice -c2 -n7<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u62c6\u5206\u76ee\u5f55\uff1a\u628a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u4e0a\u4f20\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u5907\u4efd\u5f52\u6863\u653e\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u78c1\u76d8\u6216\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u540c\u76d8\u7ade\u4e89\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f18\u5316\u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ea7\u522b\u548c\u7f13\u5b58\u6e05\u7406\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u6bcf\u5206\u949f\u5c0f\u6587\u4ef6\u5199\u5165\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8bc4\u4f30\u6269\u5bb9\uff1a\u5f53\u4e1a\u52a1\u5cf0\u503c\u957f\u671f\u8d85\u8fc7\u78c1\u76d8\u57fa\u7ebf\u7684 70%-80%\uff0c\u518d\u8003\u8651\u5347\u7ea7\u6216\u8fc1\u79fb\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\u540e\u53f0\u5907\u4efd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u964d\u4f4e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">ionice -c2 -n7 nice -n 10 \/usr\/local\/bin\/backup.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8c03\u6574\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u89c2\u5bdf\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">iostat -xz 5 12\npidstat -d 5 12<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5982\u679c <code>await<\/code> \u4ece 80ms \u964d\u5230 8ms\uff0c\u4e1a\u52a1\u54cd\u5e94\u4e5f\u6062\u590d\uff0c\u5c31\u8bf4\u660e\u4e3b\u8981\u77db\u76fe\u662f\u4efb\u52a1\u8c03\u5ea6\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u4ecd\u957f\u671f\u9ad8\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u7ee7\u7eed\u770b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5199\u5165\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u89c4\u683c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u627f\u8f7d\u5173\u952e\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0cHostease \u7684\u6280\u672f\u652f\u6301\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65b9\u6848\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u540e\u7eed\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u5177\u4f53\u9009\u62e9\u4ecd\u8981\u4ee5\u4f60\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u8bfb\u5199\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u5cf0\u503c\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u6570\u636e\u589e\u957f\u901f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u7528\u6570\u636e\u95ed\u73af\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9760\u731c<\/h2>\n<p>Linux \u78c1\u76d8 I\/O\uff08\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\uff09\u74f6\u9888\u6392\u67e5\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u662f\u628a\u73b0\u8c61\u62c6\u6210\u4e09\u5c42\u8bc1\u636e\uff1a<code>iostat<\/code> \u5224\u65ad\u8bbe\u5907\u662f\u5426\u7e41\u5fd9\uff0c<code>pidstat<\/code> \u627e\u5230\u5177\u4f53\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c<code>fio<\/code> \u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b58\u50a8\u80fd\u529b\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u4e09\u8005\u914d\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u533a\u5206\u4efb\u52a1\u8c03\u5ea6\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u5199\u5165\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u89c4\u683c\u4e09\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u7ebf\u4e0a\u6162\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u5148\u4fdd\u5b58\u6545\u969c\u65f6\u95f4\u7ebf\uff0c\u518d\u6267\u884c 1-3 \u5206\u949f\u91c7\u6837\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\u653e\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5f20\u6392\u67e5\u8bb0\u5f55\u91cc\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u8c03\u6574\u5907\u4efd\u7b56\u7565\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8bc4\u4f30\u65b0\u7684 <a href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/dedicated-server\/\">\u72ec\u7acb\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/a> \u6216 <a href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/vps\/\">VPS<\/a>\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/vps\/\">\u865a\u62df\u4e13\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/a>\uff09\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u6e05\u6670\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u603b\u7ed3\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u53ea\u95ee\u201c\u78c1\u76d8\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6162\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u95ee\u201c\u54ea\u4e00\u7c7b I\/O\uff08\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\uff09\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u7531\u54ea\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u4ee5\u591a\u5927\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u4e1a\u52a1\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u672c\u6587\u6559\u4f60\u7528 iostat\u3001pidstat \u4e0e fio \u6392\u67e5 Linux \u78c1\u76d8 I\/O \u74f6\u9888\uff0c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u78c1\u76d8\u7e41\u5fd9\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5199\u5165\u5f02\u5e38\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u6027\u80fd\u4e0d\u8db3\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":32292,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4099],"tags":[3942,4699,4698,4700,4701],"class_list":["post-32297","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tutorials","tag-fio","tag-iostat","tag-linuxio","tag-pidstat","tag-4701"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/linux-io-bottleneck-tools-cover.webp","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32297","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32297"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32297\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32298,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32297\/revisions\/32298"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32292"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32297"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32297"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32297"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}