{"id":32266,"date":"2026-07-29T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-07-29T02:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/?p=32266"},"modified":"2026-08-03T12:55:58","modified_gmt":"2026-08-03T04:55:58","slug":"linux-server-metrics-troubleshooting","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/tutorials\/linux-server-metrics-troubleshooting\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u63a7\u6392\u969c\uff1a\u7528 Prometheus \u5b9a\u4f4d CPU \u4e0e\u78c1\u76d8\u95ee\u9898"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Linux<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u51fa\u73b0 CPU \u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u98d9\u9ad8\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u7a81\u7136\u8017\u5c3d\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u54cd\u5e94\u53d8\u6162\uff0c\u6392\u969c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u4e0d\u662f\u53cd\u590d\u5237\u65b0\u540e\u53f0\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u628a\u5f02\u5e38\u53d8\u6210\u53ef\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6307\u6807\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4f1a\u6559\u4f60\u5982\u4f55\u7528 Linux \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u63a7\u6307\u6807\u5efa\u7acb Prometheus \u91c7\u96c6\u3001Grafana \u8d8b\u52bf\u9762\u677f\u548c\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u89e3\u51b3 CPU\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u4e09\u7c7b\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u9762\u5411\u6709\u57fa\u7840\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u7ad9\u957f\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u548c\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4eba\u5458\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u4ece\u5355\u673a\u90e8\u7f72\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u8986\u76d6 Node Exporter \u6307\u6807\u91c7\u96c6\u3001Prometheus \u62c9\u53d6\u914d\u7f6e\u3001Grafana \u6570\u636e\u6e90\u3001\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u4e0a\u7ebf\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5148\u786e\u8ba4\u76d1\u63a7\u76ee\u6807\uff1a\u522b\u4e00\u4e0a\u6765\u5c31\u5806\u9762\u677f<\/h2>\n

\u5bf9\u4e00\u53f0\u751f\u4ea7\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u5efa\u8bae\u5148\u8986\u76d6 4 \u7c7b\u6307\u6807\uff1aCPU \u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u53ef\u7528\u91cf\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u541e\u5410\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u5e94\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6545\u969c\u8def\u5f84\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u88ab\u6253\u6ee1\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u6491\u7206\u5206\u533a\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u6d41\u91cf\u62d6\u6162\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7f51\u7ad9\u8fd8\u4f9d\u8d56\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6216\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\u518d\u63a5\u5165\u5bf9\u5e94 exporter\uff1b\u8fd0\u884c\u5728 \u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a<\/a> \u4e0a\u7684\u7ad9\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u5e94\u4f18\u5148\u7ed3\u5408\u9762\u677f\u7edf\u8ba1\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\u5224\u65ad\u74f6\u9888\u3002<\/p>\n

\"Node<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u51c6\u5907\u8fd0\u884c\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784<\/h2>\n

\u672c\u6587\u793a\u4f8b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u53f0 2 \u6838 4GB \u5185\u5b58\u7684 Linux \u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d26\u53f7\u5177\u5907 sudo \u6743\u9650\u3002Prometheus \u4e0e Grafana \u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5b89\u88c5\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5305\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5bb9\u5668\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fbf\u4e8e\u590d\u7528\u3001\u5907\u4efd\u548c\u8fc1\u79fb\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u91c7\u7528 Docker Compose \u65b9\u5f0f\u6f14\u793a\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u6570\u636e\u76ee\u5f55\u601d\u8def\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230 systemd \u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5148\u521b\u5efa\u76d1\u63a7\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u51c6\u5907 3 \u4e2a\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\uff1a<\/p>\n

sudo mkdir -p \/opt\/monitoring\/{prometheus,grafana,node-exporter}\nsudo chown -R $USER:$USER \/opt\/monitoring\ncd \/opt\/monitoring<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u51c6\u5907 docker-compose.yml<\/code>\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u914d\u7f6e\u53ea\u9700\u8981 3 \u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\uff1aPrometheus \u4f7f\u7528 prom\/prometheus:v2.54.1<\/code>\uff0c\u6302\u8f7d .\/prometheus\/prometheus.yml<\/code> \u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5377\uff1bGrafana \u4f7f\u7528 grafana\/grafana:11.2.0<\/code>\uff0c\u66b4\u9732 3000 \u7aef\u53e3\uff1bNode Exporter \u4f7f\u7528 prom\/node-exporter:v1.8.2<\/code>\uff0c\u66b4\u9732 9100 \u7aef\u53e3\u5e76\u8bfb\u53d6\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\u6839\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u628a 9090 \u548c 9100 \u76f4\u63a5\u5f00\u653e\u5230\u516c\u7f51\uff0c\u540e\u6587\u4f1a\u8bf4\u660e\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u914d\u7f6e Prometheus \u6293\u53d6 Node Exporter \u6307\u6807<\/h2>\n
\u6709\u4e86\u8fd0\u884c\u5b9a\u4e49\u540e\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u544a\u8bc9 Prometheus \u53bb\u54ea\u91cc\u6293\u6307\u6807\u3002\u521b\u5efa \/opt\/monitoring\/prometheus\/prometheus.yml<\/code>\uff0c\u628a scrape_interval<\/code> \u548c evaluation_interval<\/code> \u90fd\u8bbe\u4e3a 15s<\/code>\uff0c\u518d\u914d\u7f6e\u4e24\u4e2a\u6293\u53d6\u76ee\u6807\uff1aPrometheus \u81ea\u8eab\u4f7f\u7528 prometheus:9090<\/code>\uff0cLinux \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6307\u6807\u4f7f\u7528 node-exporter:9100<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed9\u8be5\u76ee\u6807\u589e\u52a0 instance=\"web-01\"<\/code> \u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6807\u7b7e\u540e\u7eed\u53ef\u4e0e \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e<\/a> \u8bb0\u5f55\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u6392\u67e5\u786c\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n
global.scrape_interval<\/code> \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 15 \u79d2\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u4e2d\u5c0f\u578b\u7ad9\u70b9\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u76d1\u63a7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6570\u91cf\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u6210 30 \u79d2\u6216 60 \u79d2\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u5b58\u50a8\u5199\u5165\u538b\u529b\u3002instance<\/code> \u6807\u7b7e\u5efa\u8bae\u5199\u6210\u7a33\u5b9a\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 web-01<\/code>\u3001db-01<\/code>\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u5199\u968f\u673a\u5bb9\u5668\u540d\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u540e\u7eed\u9762\u677f\u548c\u544a\u8b66\u4f1a\u96be\u4ee5\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\uff1a<\/p>\n
cd \/opt\/monitoring\ndocker compose up -d\ndocker compose ps<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u9a8c\u8bc1 Prometheus \u662f\u5426\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u91c7\u96c6\u76ee\u6807\uff1a\u6253\u5f00 http:\/\/\u670d\u52a1\u5668IP:9090\/targets<\/code>\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4 prometheus<\/code> \u548c linux-server<\/code> \u90fd\u662f UP<\/code>\u3002\u5982\u679c linux-server<\/code> \u663e\u793a DOWN<\/code>\uff0c\u5148\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u6267\u884c curl http:\/\/127.0.0.1:9100\/metrics | head<\/code>\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4 Node Exporter \u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5e38\u8f93\u51fa\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u518d\u68c0\u67e5\u5bb9\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5728 Grafana \u4e2d\u63a5\u5165\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u5e76\u914d\u7f6e\u544a\u8b66<\/h2>\n
Grafana \u521d\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\u5730\u5740\u662f http:\/\/\u670d\u52a1\u5668IP:3000<\/code>\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8d26\u53f7\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a admin\/admin<\/code>\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u540e\u5fc5\u987b\u7acb\u5373\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u8fdb\u5165 Grafana \u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 Prometheus \u6570\u636e\u6e90\uff0c\u5730\u5740\u586b\u5199 http:\/\/prometheus:9090<\/code>\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u6d4b\u8bd5\u901a\u8fc7\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u521b\u5efa CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u78c1\u76d8 3 \u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u9762\u677f\u3002CPU \u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u53ef\u7528 100 - (avg by(instance) (rate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode=\"idle\"}[5m])) * 100)<\/code>\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u53ef\u7528\u7387\u53ef\u7528 node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes \/ node_memory_MemTotal_bytes * 100<\/code>\uff0c\u6839\u5206\u533a\u53ef\u7528\u7387\u53ef\u7528 node_filesystem_avail_bytes{mountpoint=\"\/\",fstype!~\"tmpfs|overlay\"} \/ node_filesystem_size_bytes{mountpoint=\"\/\",fstype!~\"tmpfs|overlay\"} * 100<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53ea\u770b\u9762\u677f\u4ecd\u7136\u4f9d\u8d56\u4eba\u5de5\u6253\u5f00\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff0c\u544a\u8b66\u624d\u662f\u76d1\u63a7\u95ed\u73af\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u544a\u8b66\u5efa\u8bae\u63a7\u5236\u5728 3 \u6761\uff1aCPU \u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u8fde\u7eed 10 \u5206\u949f\u9ad8\u4e8e 85%\uff0c\u6839\u5206\u533a\u53ef\u7528\u7387\u4f4e\u4e8e 15%\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u53ef\u7528\u7387\u8fde\u7eed 10 \u5206\u949f\u4f4e\u4e8e 10%\u3002\u544a\u8b66\u901a\u77e5\u5185\u5bb9\u8981\u5305\u542b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u540d\u3001\u6307\u6807\u503c\u3001\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u6392\u67e5\u5165\u53e3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 web-01 CPU 90% \u6301\u7eed 10 \u5206\u949f\uff0c\u67e5\u770b Grafana \u9762\u677f \/d\/server-overview<\/code>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u5199\u201cCPU high\u201d\uff0c\u503c\u73ed\u4eba\u5458\u8fd8\u8981\u4e8c\u6b21\u6253\u5f00\u7cfb\u7edf\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u4f1a\u88ab\u62c9\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n
\"Grafana<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u52a0\u56fa\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u7559\u7b56\u7565<\/h2>\n
\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002Prometheus \u548c Grafana \u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u66b4\u9732\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6307\u6807\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3001\u6302\u8f7d\u8def\u5f84\u7b49\u5185\u90e8\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u88f8\u9732\u5728\u516c\u7f51\u3002\u81f3\u5c11\u5e94\u505a\u5230\uff1aGrafana \u4f7f\u7528\u5f3a\u5bc6\u7801\u548c HTTPS\uff08\u5b89\u5168\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\uff09\uff0cPrometheus 9090 \u4e0e Node Exporter 9100 \u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u5185\u7f51\u6216\u6307\u5b9a\u7ba1\u7406 IP \u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n
\u66f4\u7a33\u59a5\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u628a Grafana \u653e\u5728\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 HTTPS\uff08\u5b89\u5168\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u8bc1\u4e66\u548c\u57fa\u7840\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff1bPrometheus \u4e0e Node Exporter \u4ec5\u5728\u5bb9\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\u6216\u5185\u7f51\u4e2d\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ad9\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408 WordPress \u4e3b\u673a<\/a> \u6216\u5e94\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u628a\u76d1\u63a7\u5165\u53e3\u63a5\u5165 VPN\uff08\u865a\u62df\u4e13\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\uff09\u6216\u5821\u5792\u673a\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u66b4\u529b\u626b\u63cf\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u7559\u65f6\u95f4\u4e5f\u8981\u63d0\u524d\u89c4\u5212\u3002\u672c\u6587\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d --storage.tsdb.retention.time=15d<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u4fdd\u7559 15 \u5929\u539f\u59cb\u6307\u6807\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u6309\u6708\u5206\u6790\u5bb9\u91cf\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u6210 30d \u6216 60d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u4e0a\u7ebf\u540e\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6e05\u5355\u4e0e\u5e38\u89c1\u6392\u969c<\/h2>\n
\u5b8c\u6210\u5b89\u88c5\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u76d1\u63a7\u5df2\u7ecf\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u8981\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u201c\u4eba\u4e3a\u5236\u9020\u5c0f\u5f02\u5e38\u201d\u7684\u6f14\u7ec3\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4e34\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c CPU \u538b\u529b\u547d\u4ee4 2 \u5230 3 \u5206\u949f\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf Grafana \u66f2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u62ac\u5347\uff1b\u628a\u544a\u8b66\u9608\u503c\u4e34\u65f6\u8c03\u4f4e\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u901a\u77e5\u901a\u9053\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u6536\u5230\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
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