{"id":32234,"date":"2026-07-28T18:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-07-28T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/?p=32234"},"modified":"2026-07-29T19:12:09","modified_gmt":"2026-07-29T11:12:09","slug":"server-security-hardening-checklist","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/guides\/server-security-hardening-checklist\/","title":{"rendered":"\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u52a0\u56fa\u6e05\u5355\uff1a\u4ece\u767b\u5f55\u5165\u53e3\u5230\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/server-security-hardening-checklist-cover.webp\" alt=\"\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u52a0\u56fa\u6e05\u5355\u5c01\u9762\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u52a0\u56fa\u4e0d\u662f\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2a\u9632\u62a4\u5de5\u5177\u5c31\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u901a\u5e38\u51fa\u5728\u201c\u5165\u53e3\u592a\u591a\u3001\u6743\u9650\u592a\u5bbd\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u6ca1\u4eba\u770b\u3001\u6062\u590d\u8def\u5f84\u6ca1\u9a8c\u8bc1\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6307\u5357\u4f1a\u6559\u4f60\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u4e00\u53f0 Linux \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ece\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ef\u7528\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6574\u7406\u6210\u53ef\u68c0\u67e5\u3001\u53ef\u8ffd\u8e2a\u3001\u53ef\u56de\u6eda\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u57fa\u7ebf\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u4ece SSH\uff08\u5b89\u5168\u5916\u58f3\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u767b\u5f55\u3001\u8d26\u53f7\u6743\u9650\u3001\u9632\u706b\u5899\u3001\u8865\u4e01\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u66b4\u9732\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u5ba1\u8ba1\u3001\u5907\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73af\u8282\u9010\u9879\u62c6\u5f00\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u4e0d\u662f\u8ffd\u6c42\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u628a\u5e38\u89c1\u98ce\u9669\u5148\u538b\u5230\u53ef\u63a7\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5148\u505a\u8d44\u4ea7\u76d8\u70b9\uff1a\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5230\u5e95\u66b4\u9732\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48<\/h2>\n<p>\u5f88\u591a\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u914d\u7f6e\u8005\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u67d0\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8dd1\u4e86\u534a\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u4eba\u80fd\u8bf4\u6e05\u695a\u5b83\u5f00\u653e\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u7aef\u53e3\u3001\u54ea\u4e9b\u8d26\u53f7\u8fd8\u80fd\u767b\u5f55\u3001\u54ea\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u9057\u7559\u3002\u5f00\u59cb\u52a0\u56fa\u524d\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5148\u505a\u4e00\u6b21 30 \u5206\u949f\u76d8\u70b9\uff0c\u628a\u201c\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u201d\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u6bcf\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\u624d\u6709\u5bf9\u7167\u57fa\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u4ece\u7aef\u53e3\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5165\u624b\u3002\u767b\u5f55\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u540e\u6267\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>ss -tulpen\nsystemctl --type=service --state=running\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u53e3\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u7528\u6237\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u7684 systemd \u670d\u52a1\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f51\u7ad9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u5fc5\u9700\u7aef\u53e3\u901a\u5e38\u662f 22\u300180\u3001443\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7aef\u53e3\u5982 3306\u30015432 \u4e0d\u5e94\u9ed8\u8ba4\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u516c\u7f51\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f <a href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/server\/\">\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e<\/a> \u7c7b\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u628a\u7aef\u53e3\u6e05\u5355\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u7528\u9014\u548c\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u5199\u8fdb\u8fd0\u7ef4\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u4fdd\u7559\u201c\u7aef\u53e3 \/ \u534f\u8bae \/ \u8bbf\u95ee\u6765\u6e90 \/ \u662f\u5426\u516c\u7f51\u5f00\u653e\u201d\u56db\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u767b\u5f55\u5165\u53e3\u52a0\u56fa\uff1a\u5148\u628a SSH \u98ce\u9669\u964d\u4e0b\u6765<\/h2>\n<p>SSH\uff08\u5b89\u5168\u5916\u58f3\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u662f\u5927\u591a\u6570 Linux \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7ba1\u7406\u5165\u53e3\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u88ab\u626b\u63cf\u7684\u5165\u53e3\u3002\u5b89\u5168\u52a0\u56fa\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u662f\u51cf\u5c11\u53ef\u731c\u3001\u53ef\u649e\u3001\u53ef\u6ee5\u7528\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5148\u521b\u5efa\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u518d\u901a\u8fc7 sudo \u505a\u63d0\u6743\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u957f\u671f\u4f7f\u7528 root \u76f4\u63a5\u767b\u5f55\u65e5\u5e38\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u7ec4\u6bd4\u8f83\u7a33\u59a5\u7684\u57fa\u7ebf\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7981\u6b62 root \u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55\uff1a<code>PermitRootLogin no<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u5173\u95ed\u5bc6\u7801\u767b\u5f55\uff1a<code>PasswordAuthentication no<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u767b\u5f55\uff1a<code>AllowGroups ssh-admins<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u8c03\u6574\u7a7a\u95f2\u4f1a\u8bdd\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a<code>ClientAliveInterval 300<\/code>\u3001<code>ClientAliveCountMax 2<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u6bcf\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7528 <code>sshd -t<\/code> \u5148\u505a\u8bed\u6cd5\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u518d\u91cd\u542f\u670d\u52a1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5bf9\u5e94\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u662f <code>\/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config<\/code>\u3002\u4fee\u6539\u524d\u5148\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u767b\u5f55\u7ec8\u7aef\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u914d\u7f6e\u9519\u8bef\u540e\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u5165\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u542f\u7528\u5bc6\u94a5\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\uff0c\u79c1\u94a5\u8981\u653e\u5728\u672c\u5730\u5b89\u5168\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef <code>~\/.ssh\/authorized_keys<\/code> \u6743\u9650\u5efa\u8bae\u4e3a 600\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8981\u653e\u5230\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u53ef\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u627f\u8f7d\u7684\u662f\u4e1a\u52a1\u7ad9\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u53ea\u9760\u201c\u6539 SSH\uff08\u5b89\u5168\u5916\u58f3\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u7aef\u53e3\u201d\u83b7\u5f97\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u3002\u6362\u7aef\u53e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u4f4e\u8d28\u91cf\u626b\u63cf\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u66ff\u4ee3\u5bc6\u94a5\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3001\u6700\u5c0f\u6743\u9650\u548c\u767b\u5f55\u5ba1\u8ba1\u3002\u5bf9 <a href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/vps\/\">VPS\uff08\u865a\u62df\u4e13\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff09<\/a> \u7528\u6237\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4e91\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u540e\u53f0\u662f\u4e09\u5957\u4e0d\u540c\u5165\u53e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u52a0\u56fa\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/server-security-hardening-checklist-ssh-access.webp\" alt=\"SSH \u767b\u5f55\u5165\u53e3\u52a0\u56fa\u793a\u610f\u56fe\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u66b4\u9732\uff1a\u53ea\u653e\u884c\u4e1a\u52a1\u771f\u6b63\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6d41\u91cf<\/h2>\n<p>\u767b\u5f55\u5165\u53e3\u6536\u7d27\u540e\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u628a\u7f51\u7edc\u8fb9\u754c\u7f29\u5c0f\u3002\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u201c\u6321\u4f4f\u6240\u6709\u4e1c\u897f\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7528\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\uff1a\u54ea\u4e9b\u6d41\u91cf\u5fc5\u987b\u8fdb\u6765\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u6d41\u91cf\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u5185\u90e8\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u7aef\u53e3\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u8be5\u6253\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528 UFW\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5efa\u7acb\u57fa\u7840\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>ufw default deny incoming\nufw default allow outgoing\nufw allow 22\/tcp\nufw allow 80\/tcp\nufw allow 443\/tcp\nufw enable\nufw status verbose\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684 SSH\uff08\u5b89\u5168\u5916\u58f3\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0d\u662f 22\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5148\u66ff\u6362\u5bf9\u5e94\u7aef\u53e3\u518d\u542f\u7528\u9632\u706b\u5899\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217\u7b49\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4f18\u5148\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230 <code>127.0.0.1<\/code> \u6216\u5185\u7f51\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u5bc6\u7801\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u516c\u7f51\u3002\u6bd4\u5982 MySQL \u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u67e5 <code>bind-address<\/code>\uff0cRedis \u8981\u68c0\u67e5 <code>protected-mode<\/code> \u4e0e\u76d1\u542c\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u7528\u5224\u65ad\uff1a\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5916\u90e8\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u7aef\u53e3\u626b\u63cf\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5e94\u8be5\u6bd4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5185\u90e8 <code>ss -tulpen<\/code> \u5c11\u3002\u5185\u90e8\u80fd\u76d1\u542c\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u5916\u90e8\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1b\u5916\u90e8\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u7aef\u53e3\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u627f\u8f7d\u66f4\u9ad8\u6d41\u91cf\u6216\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\u9694\u79bb\u7684 <a href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/dedicated-server\/\">\u72ec\u7acb\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/a> \u573a\u666f\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u7ba1\u7406\u5165\u53e3\u9650\u5236\u5230\u56fa\u5b9a\u529e\u516c IP \u6216 VPN\uff08\u865a\u62df\u4e13\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\uff09\u51fa\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7cfb\u7edf\u8865\u4e01\u4e0e\u8d26\u53f7\u6743\u9650\uff1a\u628a\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u98ce\u9669\u53d8\u6210\u4f8b\u884c\u7ef4\u62a4<\/h2>\n<p>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u52a0\u56fa\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u5185\u6838\u3001OpenSSH\u3001Web \u670d\u52a1\u3001PHP\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u90fd\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5e03\u5b89\u5168\u4fee\u590d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8865\u4e01\u957f\u671f\u4e0d\u88c5\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u626b\u63cf\u5668\u5f80\u5f80\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u7248\u672c\u7279\u5f81\u627e\u5230\u5df2\u516c\u5f00\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002\u66f4\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u628a\u8865\u4e01\u62c6\u6210\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a\u5b89\u5168\u66f4\u65b0\u5c3d\u5feb\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u529f\u80fd\u5347\u7ea7\u5148\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728 Debian\/Ubuntu \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u67e5\u770b\u53ef\u5347\u7ea7\u5305\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>apt update\napt list --upgradable\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u542f\u7528\u81ea\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u8981\u660e\u786e\u81ea\u52a8\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8ba9\u6240\u6709\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u5347\u7ea7\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u67e5 <code>unattended-upgrades<\/code> \u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u5b89\u5168\u4ed3\u5e93\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u91cd\u542f\u7b56\u7565\u5199\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u5bf9\u751f\u4ea7\u7ad9\u70b9\uff0c\u5185\u6838\u5347\u7ea7\u540e\u662f\u5426\u91cd\u542f\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u95f4\u91cd\u542f\u3001\u8c01\u786e\u8ba4\u4e1a\u52a1\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u63d0\u524d\u7ea6\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8d26\u53f7\u6743\u9650\u540c\u6837\u8981\u5b9a\u671f\u6e05\u7406\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u6bcf\u6708\u68c0\u67e5\u4e00\u6b21 <code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code>\u3001<code>\/etc\/group<\/code> \u548c sudo \u6743\u9650\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>getent passwd\ngetent group sudo\nfind \/ -perm -4000 -type f 2>\/dev\/null\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u5e26 SUID \u6743\u9650\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6570\u91cf\u7a81\u7136\u589e\u52a0\u65f6\u8981\u7279\u522b\u7559\u610f\u3002\u5bf9\u7f51\u7ad9\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u539f\u5219\u662f\u201c\u5e94\u7528\u8fd0\u884c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u5199\u4e0a\u4f20\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u5199\u6838\u5fc3\u4ee3\u7801\u76ee\u5f55\u201d\u3002\u6bd4\u5982 WordPress\uff08\u5185\u5bb9\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u7ad9\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4e0a\u4f20\u76ee\u5f55\u5177\u5907\u5199\u5165\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3b\u9898\u3001\u63d2\u4ef6\u548c\u6838\u5fc3\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5e94\u5168\u90e8\u7ed9 777\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u7f51\u7ad9\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408 <a href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wordpress\/\">WordPress\uff08\u5185\u5bb9\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u6559\u7a0b<\/a> \u4e00\u8d77\u89c4\u5212\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/server-security-hardening-checklist-patch-permission.webp\" alt=\"\u7cfb\u7edf\u6743\u9650\u4e0e\u8865\u4e01\u7ef4\u62a4\u793a\u610f\u56fe\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u6570\u636e\u9694\u79bb\uff1a\u4e0d\u8981\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f0f\u6d1e\u62d6\u57ae\u6574\u53f0\u673a\u5668<\/h2>\n<p>\u5f53\u767b\u5f55\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u9762\u6536\u7d27\u540e\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u770b\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u9694\u79bb\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u5165\u4fb5\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u62ff\u5230 root \u6743\u9650\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5148\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7ad9\u6f0f\u6d1e\u5199\u5165 WebShell\uff0c\u518d\u8bfb\u53d6\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u6a2a\u5411\u8bbf\u95ee\u540c\u673a\u5176\u4ed6\u7ad9\u70b9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u7528\u6237\u3001\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8d26\u53f7\u548c\u5bc6\u94a5\u7ba1\u7406\u8981\u5206\u5f00\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684\u57fa\u7ebf\u662f\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ad9\u70b9\u4f7f\u7528\u72ec\u7acb\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u6216\u5bb9\u5668\u8fd0\u884c\uff1b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6309\u5e94\u7528\u5efa\u7acb\u72ec\u7acb\u8d26\u53f7\uff1b\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u5e94\u7528\u7528\u6237\u548c\u90e8\u7f72\u7528\u6237\u8bfb\u53d6\uff1b\u5907\u4efd\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u653e\u5728\u516c\u7f51 Web \u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002\u4ee5 Nginx + PHP-FPM \u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7ad9\u70b9\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 pool\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u5b9a\u4e0d\u540c <code>user<\/code>\u3001<code>group<\/code> \u548c <code>listen<\/code> socket\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5373\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ad9\u70b9\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u6269\u6563\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7ad9\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bc6\u94a5\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u8981\u907f\u514d\u8fdb\u5165\u4ee3\u7801\u4ed3\u5e93\u3002<code>.env<\/code>\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5bc6\u7801\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bc6\u94a5\u90fd\u5e94\u52a0\u5165 <code>.gitignore<\/code>\uff0c\u90e8\u7f72\u65f6\u901a\u8fc7\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u72ec\u7acb\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6ce8\u5165\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e\u7591\u4f3c\u654f\u611f\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>grep -R \"password\\|secret\\|token\\|AKIA\" -n \/var\/www 2>\/dev\/null | head -50\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u9002\u5408\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5de1\u68c0\u8f85\u52a9\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u5b8c\u6574\u6cc4\u9732\u626b\u63cf\u3002\u53d1\u73b0\u660e\u6587\u5bc6\u94a5\u540e\uff0c\u5e94\u5148\u8f6e\u6362\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u518d\u6e05\u7406\u5386\u53f2\u63d0\u4ea4\u548c\u90e8\u7f72\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u8981\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u544a\u8b66\u548c\u5907\u4efd\uff1a\u8ba9\u95ee\u9898\u80fd\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u88ab\u6062\u590d<\/h2>\n<p>\u5b89\u5168\u52a0\u56fa\u4e0d\u53ea\u4e3a\u201c\u6321\u4f4f\u653b\u51fb\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u8ba9\u5f02\u5e38\u80fd\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u3001\u635f\u5931\u53ef\u6062\u590d\u3002\u65e5\u5fd7\u548c\u5907\u4efd\u662f\u4e24\u6761\u5e95\u7ebf\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u4e8b\u540e\u65e0\u6cd5\u5224\u65ad\u5165\u53e3\uff1b\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u6062\u590d\u5907\u4efd\uff0c\u52d2\u7d22\u3001\u8bef\u5220\u3001\u8bef\u5347\u7ea7\u90fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u4e1a\u52a1\u4e8b\u6545\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5efa\u8bae\u81f3\u5c11\u8ddf\u8e2a 4 \u7c7b\u65e5\u5fd7\uff1aSSH\uff08\u5b89\u5168\u5916\u58f3\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u767b\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001Web \u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u68c0\u67e5\u547d\u4ee4\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>journalctl -u ssh --since \"24 hours ago\"\nlast -a | head -30\ntail -n 100 \/var\/log\/auth.log\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u544a\u8b66\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u5f88\u590d\u6742\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49 3 \u4e2a\u89e6\u53d1\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a5 \u5206\u949f\u5185\u540c\u4e00 IP \u767b\u5f55\u5931\u8d25\u8d85\u8fc7 20 \u6b21\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u8d85\u8fc7 85%\u3001Web 5xx \u9519\u8bef\u6301\u7eed 10 \u5206\u949f\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9608\u503c\u8db3\u591f\u5177\u4f53\uff0c\u56e2\u961f\u4e5f\u5bb9\u6613\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u3002\u7ad9\u70b9\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u5de1\u68c0\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003 <a href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/guides\/ttfb-hosting-optimization\/\">\u7f51\u7ad9\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316<\/a> \u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u74f6\u9888\u7684\u6392\u67e5\u601d\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5907\u4efd\u8981\u91cd\u70b9\u9a8c\u8bc1\u201c\u80fd\u6062\u590d\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u786e\u8ba4\u201c\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u201d\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u578b\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u81f3\u5c11\u4fdd\u7559\u672c\u673a\u77ed\u5468\u671f\u5907\u4efd\u548c\u5f02\u5730\u5907\u4efd\u4e24\u5c42\uff1b\u6062\u590d\u6f14\u7ec3\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bcf\u6708\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u62bd\u53d6\u6700\u65b0\u5907\u4efd\u6062\u590d\u5230\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u9996\u9875\u3001\u767b\u5f55\u3001\u4e0b\u5355\u6216\u8868\u5355\u63d0\u4ea4\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u8def\u5f84\u53ef\u7528\u3002\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u8981\u52a0\u6743\u9650\u548c\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5907\u4efd\u76ee\u5f55\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u6cc4\u9732\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/server-security-hardening-checklist-logs-backup.webp\" alt=\"\u65e5\u5fd7\u544a\u8b66\u4e0e\u5907\u4efd\u6062\u590d\u793a\u610f\u56fe\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u57fa\u7ebf\uff1a\u7528 sysctl \u6536\u7d27\u9ed8\u8ba4\u884c\u4e3a<\/h2>\n<p>\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u662f\u52a0\u56fa\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u524d\u9762\u51e0\u5c42\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u8865\u4e0a\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u9ed8\u8ba4\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4fee\u6539\u524d\u5efa\u8bae\u628a <code>\/etc\/sysctl.conf<\/code> \u6216 <code>\/etc\/sysctl.d\/99-hardening.conf<\/code> \u5907\u4efd\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u4e00\u6b21\u53ea\u6539\u4e00\u7ec4\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6392\u969c\u65f6\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u662f\u54ea\u9879\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u5e38\u89c1\u7684 Linux \u7f51\u7edc\u57fa\u7ebf\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0\nnet.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0\nnet.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0\nnet.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0\nnet.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1\nnet.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5199\u5165\u914d\u7f6e\u540e\u6267\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>sysctl --system\nsysctl net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1\u3001\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u548c\u90e8\u5206\u7f51\u7edc\u6ee5\u7528\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u66ff\u4ee3\u4e1a\u52a1\u5c42\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u5f31\u5bc6\u7801\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u6743\u9650\u3002\u66f4\u7a33\u59a5\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u662f\uff1a\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\u6536\u7d27\u9ed8\u8ba4\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u9632\u706b\u5899\u63a7\u5236\u5165\u53e3\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u9694\u79bb\u9650\u5236\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e0e\u5907\u4efd\u8d1f\u8d23\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u6062\u590d\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u6700\u540e\u6309 10 \u9879\u6e05\u5355\u590d\u67e5\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u53ea\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u914d\u7f6e<\/h2>\n<p>\u5b8c\u6210\u914d\u7f6e\u540e\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u628a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u52a0\u56fa\u56fa\u5b9a\u6210\u4e00\u5f20\u5de1\u68c0\u8868\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u65b0\u5efa\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001\u8fc1\u79fb\u7ad9\u70b9\u3001\u4e0a\u7ebf\u4e1a\u52a1\u6216\u66f4\u6362\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4eba\u5458\u65f6\uff0c\u90fd\u6309\u540c\u4e00\u5f20\u8868\u590d\u67e5\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u540c\u4eba\u51ed\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e34\u573a\u53d1\u6325\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4e0b\u9762 10 \u9879\u505a\u4ea4\u4ed8\u68c0\u67e5\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7aef\u53e3\u6e05\u5355\u5df2\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u516c\u7f51\u53ea\u5f00\u653e\u4e1a\u52a1\u5fc5\u9700\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 22\u300180\u3001443<\/li>\n<li>SSH\uff08\u5b89\u5168\u5916\u58f3\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u5df2\u7981\u7528 root \u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u542f\u7528\u5bc6\u94a5\u8ba4\u8bc1<\/li>\n<li>\u9632\u706b\u5899\u9ed8\u8ba4\u62d2\u7edd\u5165\u7ad9\uff0c\u53ea\u653e\u884c\u660e\u786e\u6765\u6e90\u548c\u660e\u786e\u7aef\u53e3<\/li>\n<li>\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u66f4\u65b0\u7b56\u7565\u5df2\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u5185\u6838\u91cd\u542f\u7a97\u53e3\u5df2\u5199\u5165\u7ef4\u62a4\u8ba1\u5212<\/li>\n<li>sudo \u7528\u6237\u3001SUID \u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7ad9\u70b9\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u590d\u6838<\/li>\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u961f\u5217\u53ea\u76d1\u542c\u672c\u673a\u6216\u5185\u7f51\u5730\u5740<\/li>\n<li>\u5e94\u7528\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u5bc6\u94a5\u3001\u5907\u4efd\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5728\u516c\u7f51 Web \u6839\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>\u767b\u5f55\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u5bb9\u91cf\u3001Web 5xx \u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u544a\u8b66\u9608\u503c<\/li>\n<li>\u6700\u65b0\u5907\u4efd\u5df2\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u5b8c\u6210\u6062\u590d\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/li>\n<li>sysctl \u53c2\u6570\u5df2\u5907\u4efd\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u5e76\u590d\u67e5\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u4e1a\u52a1\u8fde\u63a5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u603b\u7ed3\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u52a0\u56fa\u5e94\u8be5\u4ece\u201c\u51cf\u5c11\u5165\u53e3\u3001\u964d\u4f4e\u6743\u9650\u3001\u9650\u5236\u66b4\u9732\u3001\u4fdd\u7559\u8bc1\u636e\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6062\u590d\u201d\u4e94\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u63a8\u8fdb\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u8bae\u5148\u7528\u4e00\u53f0\u975e\u6838\u5fc3\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6f14\u7ec3\u6574\u5957\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u518d\u628a\u6e05\u5355\u56fa\u5316\u5230\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u65b0\u4e1a\u52a1\u9009\u62e9\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0cHostease \u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u65b9\u6848\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u8003\uff1b\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u7c7b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u5de1\u68c0\u3001\u6700\u5c0f\u6743\u9650\u548c\u53ef\u6062\u590d\u5907\u4efd\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u957f\u671f\u5b89\u5168\u8fd0\u8425\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8fd9\u4efd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u52a0\u56fa\u6307\u5357\u4ece\u8d26\u53f7\u767b\u5f55\u3001\u7aef\u53e3\u66b4\u9732\u3001\u9632\u706b\u5899\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u5ba1\u8ba1\u5230\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u7ad9\u957f\u5efa\u7acb\u53ef\u590d\u67e5\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u57fa\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":32230,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3822],"tags":[373,4516,3405,157,2782],"class_list":["post-32234","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guides","tag-ssh","tag-4516","tag-3405","tag-157","tag-2782"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/server-security-hardening-checklist-cover.webp","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32234","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32234"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32234\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32235,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32234\/revisions\/32235"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32230"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32234"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32234"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32234"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}