{"id":31525,"date":"2026-07-10T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-07-10T02:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/uncategorized\/postgresql-guide-optimization-practical\/"},"modified":"2026-07-19T19:27:27","modified_gmt":"2026-07-19T11:27:27","slug":"postgresql-guide-optimization-practical","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/tutorials\/postgresql-guide-optimization-practical\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL \u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u6392\u969c\u6d41\u7a0b\uff1a\u4ece\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\u5230\u76d1\u63a7\u95ed\u73af"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"PostgreSQL<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u6392\u969c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u9760\u52a0\u7d22\u5f15\uff1f<\/h2>\n

PostgreSQL \u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u6392\u969c\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u770b\u5230\u9875\u9762\u53d8\u6162\u5c31\u7acb\u523b\u52a0\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u6269\u5185\u5b58\u6216\u8c03\u5927\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5148\u786e\u8ba4\u74f6\u9888\u5230\u5e95\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u7f51\u7ad9\u5728\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4ece 10 \u4e07\u884c\u589e\u957f\u5230 100 \u4e07\u884c\u540e\uff0c\u63a5\u53e3\u54cd\u5e94\u4ece 80 \u6beb\u79d2\u53d8\u6210 2 \u79d2\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u8868\u9762\u770b\u50cf\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6027\u80fd\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\u4f30\u7b97\u504f\u5dee\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u6392\u961f\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u8fc7\u671f\uff0c\u6216\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u53cd\u590d\u89e6\u53d1 N+1 \u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4f1a\u628a\u91cd\u70b9\u653e\u5728\u201c\u6392\u969c\u6d41\u7a0b\u201d\u4e0a\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u6536\u96c6\u8bc1\u636e\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u8bfb\u61c2 EXPLAIN ANALYZE<\/code>\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7d22\u5f15\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u76d1\u63a7\u95ed\u73af\u907f\u514d\u95ee\u9898\u53cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u5b83\u4e0e\u5e38\u89c4 PostgreSQL \u6027\u80fd\u8c03\u4f18\u6e05\u5355\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u5df2\u7ecf\u9047\u5230\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u5b9a\u4f4d\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u7ad9\u957f\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u548c\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4eba\u5458\u3002\u82e5\u4f60\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u90e8\u7f72\u5728 VPS\uff08\u865a\u62df\u4e13\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff09<\/a> \u6216[\u72ec\u7acb\u670d\u52a1\u5668](https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/dedicated-server\/)\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u540c\u6837\u6d41\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5148\u628a\u201c\u6162\u201d\u62c6\u6210\u53ef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u8017\u65f6\u8bc1\u636e<\/h2>\n

\u6392\u969c\u524d\u5148\u628a\u201c\u6162\u201d\u91cf\u5316\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u53ea\u8bb0\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u53cd\u9988\u201c\u9875\u9762\u5361\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u81f3\u5c11\u4fdd\u7559\u63a5\u53e3\u8017\u65f6\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u8017\u65f6\u3001\u8fd4\u56de\u884c\u6570\u548c\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u67d0\u4e2a\u8ba2\u5355\u5217\u8868\u63a5\u53e3\u603b\u8017\u65f6 2300 \u6beb\u79d2\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d SQL \u6267\u884c 1800 \u6beb\u79d2\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u6a21\u677f\u6e32\u67d3 300 \u6beb\u79d2\uff0c\u5269\u4f59 200 \u6beb\u79d2\u6765\u81ea\u5e94\u7528\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u624d\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5efa\u8bae\u5148\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u63a5\u53e3\u589e\u52a0\u67e5\u8be2\u8017\u65f6\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 sql_ms<\/code>\u3001rows<\/code>\u3001route<\/code> \u548c request_id<\/code>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5e94\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e34\u65f6\u6253\u5f00 PostgreSQL\uff08\u4e00\u79cd\u5f00\u6e90\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff09\u7684\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\uff1a<\/p>\n

log_min_duration_statement = 500\nlog_line_prefix = '%m [%p] %u@%d '\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e0a\u9762\u914d\u7f6e\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u8d85\u8fc7 500 \u6beb\u79d2\u7684 SQL\u3002\u9608\u503c\u4e0d\u8981\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u8bbe\u6210 10 \u6beb\u79d2\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u65e5\u5fd7\u91cf\u4f1a\u8fc5\u901f\u81a8\u80c0\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bbf\u95ee\u91cf\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u89c2\u5bdf 30-60 \u5206\u949f\uff0c\u628a\u91cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e14\u603b\u8017\u65f6\u6700\u9ad8\u7684 SQL \u653e\u5230\u6392\u969c\u6e05\u5355\u9876\u90e8\u3002<\/p>\n
\"PostgreSQL<\/p>\n
\u7528 EXPLAIN ANALYZE \u8fd8\u539f\u771f\u5b9e\u6267\u884c\u8def\u5f84<\/h2>\n
\u627e\u5230\u5019\u9009 SQL \u540e\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u4e0d\u662f\u9a6c\u4e0a\u6539\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u770b\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\u3002EXPLAIN ANALYZE<\/code> \u4f1a\u771f\u6b63\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8017\u65f6\u3001\u884c\u6570\u548c\u626b\u63cf\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u5c11\u7f13\u5b58\u5076\u7136\u6027\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5e93\u6216\u4f4e\u5cf0\u671f\u91cd\u590d\u8fd0\u884c 2-3 \u6b21\uff0c\u53d6\u8f83\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n
EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, BUFFERS)\nSELECT id, user_id, created_at, total\nFROM orders\nWHERE user_id = 12345\nORDER BY created_at DESC\nLIMIT 20;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8bfb\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\u65f6\u5148\u770b\u4e09\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1a\u662f\u5426\u51fa\u73b0 Seq Scan<\/code> \u626b\u63cf\u5927\u8868\uff0cactual rows<\/code> \u4e0e\u4f30\u7b97\u884c\u6570\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u5dee\u8d85\u8fc7 10 \u500d\uff0c\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u8bfb\u53d6\u662f\u5426\u5927\u91cf\u6765\u81ea\u78c1\u76d8\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u9884\u8ba1\u8fd4\u56de 20 \u884c\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u626b\u63cf 80 \u4e07\u884c\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u662f[\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e](https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/server\/)\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6761\u4ef6\u7f3a\u5c11\u5408\u9002\u7d22\u5f15\u6216\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5931\u771f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5f88\u591a\u8bef\u5224\u6765\u81ea\u53ea\u770b\u201c\u7528\u4e86\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u8ba1\u5212\u91cc\u51fa\u73b0 Index Scan<\/code>\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u7ee7\u7eed\u770b\u626b\u63cf\u884c\u6570\u548c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u884c\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7d22\u5f15\u626b\u63cf 50 \u4e07\u884c\u540e\u53ea\u8fd4\u56de 20 \u884c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\u4f9d\u7136\u4e0d\u591f\u7cbe\u51c6\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6392\u5e8f\u8282\u70b9\u8017\u65f6\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u8ba9\u6392\u5e8f\u5b57\u6bb5\u8fdb\u5165\u590d\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u72ec\u7ed9\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5b57\u6bb5\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7d22\u5f15\u8c03\u6574\u8981\u7528\u524d\u540e\u6570\u636e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6548\u679c<\/h2>\n
\u7d22\u5f15\u4f18\u5316\u8981\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u4ee5\u8ba2\u5355\u8868\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9ad8\u9891\u67e5\u8be2\u56fa\u5b9a\u6309\u7528\u6237\u548c\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4\u7b5b\u9009\uff0c\u590d\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\u5e94\u8d34\u5408\u67e5\u8be2\u5f62\u6001\uff1a<\/p>\n
CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY idx_orders_user_created\nON orders (user_id, created_at DESC);\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
CONCURRENTLY<\/code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\u671f\u95f4\u5bf9\u5199\u5165\u7684\u963b\u585e\uff0c\u4f46\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u4f1a\u66f4\u957f\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u4f4e\u5cf0\u671f\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5efa\u5b8c\u7d22\u5f15\u540e\u5fc5\u987b\u518d\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u540c\u4e00\u6761 EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, BUFFERS)<\/code>\uff0c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u626b\u63cf\u884c\u6570\u548c\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u8bfb\u53d6\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u4ece 1800 \u6beb\u79d2\u964d\u5230 35 \u6beb\u79d2\uff0c\u626b\u63cf\u884c\u6570\u4ece 80 \u4e07\u964d\u5230 20\uff0c\u624d\u8bf4\u660e\u7d22\u5f15\u771f\u6b63\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u53ea\u9488\u5bf9\u672a\u5904\u7406\u8ba2\u5355\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u7d22\u5f15\u66f4\u5408\u9002\uff1a<\/p>\n
CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY idx_orders_pending_created\nON orders (created_at DESC)\nWHERE status = 'pending';\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5b83\u53ea\u7ef4\u62a4 status = 'pending'<\/code> \u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5f85\u5904\u7406\u8ba2\u5355\u5360\u6bd4\u4f4e\u4e8e 10% \u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u90fd\u52a0\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5199\u5165\u65f6\u6bcf\u6b21 INSERT<\/code>\u3001UPDATE<\/code> \u90fd\u8981\u540c\u6b65\u7ef4\u62a4\u591a\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8ba2\u5355\u9ad8\u5cf0\u671f\u53ef\u80fd\u628a\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u95ee\u9898\u8f6c\u79fb\u6210\u5199\u5165\u5ef6\u8fdf\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4fa7\u6027\u80fd\u6392\u67e5\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003 \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f18\u5316\u6307\u5357<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n
\"\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0e\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u5bf9\u6bd4\"<\/p>\n
\u5f53 SQL \u4e0d\u6162\u65f6\uff0c\u628a\u89c6\u7ebf\u8f6c\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7b49\u5f85<\/h2>\n
\u5982\u679c\u5355\u6761 SQL \u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u91cc\u53ea\u6267\u884c 30 \u6beb\u79d2\uff0c\u4f46\u63a5\u53e3\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981 1 \u79d2\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u7b49\u5f85\u3002PostgreSQL \u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u521b\u5efa\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\u7aef\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u8fc7\u9ad8\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u548c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e76\u53d1\u8d85\u8fc7 50 \u7684 Web \u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528 PgBouncer \u8fd9\u7c7b\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u5c0f\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u5f00\u59cb\uff1a<\/p>\n
pool_mode = transaction\ndefault_pool_size = 20\nmax_client_conn = 200\nreserve_pool_size = 3\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u5173\u952e\u662f\u533a\u5206\u201c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540e\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u201d\uff1a\u524d\u7aef\u6700\u591a\u63a5\u6536 200 \u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4f46\u771f\u6b63\u6253\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u5728 20 \u4e2a\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u6392\u969c\u65f6\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u67e5\u770b\u5e94\u7528\u7b49\u5f85\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8017\u65f6\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n
SELECT count(*) AS current_connections,\n       setting AS max_connections\nFROM pg_stat_activity, pg_settings\nWHERE pg_settings.name = 'max_connections'\nGROUP BY setting;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u679c\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u957f\u671f\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e0a\u9650\u7684 80%\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u7b2c\u4e00\u53cd\u5e94\u5c31\u8c03\u5927 max_connections<\/code>\u3002\u5148\u786e\u8ba4\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u91ca\u653e\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u4e8b\u52a1\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7a7a\u95f2\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90e8\u7f72\u5728 \u72ec\u7acb\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/a> \u4e0a\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u53c2\u6570\u8fd8\u8981\u7ed3\u5408 CPU \u6838\u5fc3\u6570\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e00\u8d77\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u4efb\u52a1\u51b3\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u590d\u53d1<\/h2>\n
\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u4fee\u597d\u540e\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u201c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4eca\u5929\u624d\u53d8\u6162\u201d\u3002PostgreSQL \u7684\u4f18\u5316\u5668\u4f9d\u8d56\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8868\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u53d8\u5316\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u4f46\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u6ca1\u6709\u53ca\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\u53ef\u80fd\u7a81\u7136\u4ece\u7d22\u5f15\u626b\u63cf\u5207\u6362\u6210\u5168\u8868\u626b\u63cf\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u68c0\u67e5\u8868\u7684\u6b7b\u5143\u7ec4\u548c\u6700\u540e\u5206\u6790\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a<\/p>\n
SELECT relname, n_dead_tup, last_autovacuum, last_autoanalyze\nFROM pg_stat_user_tables\nORDER BY n_dead_tup DESC\nLIMIT 10;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5f53\u6b7b\u5143\u7ec4\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6301\u7eed\u5347\u9ad8\uff0c\u6216\u70ed\u95e8\u8868\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709 ANALYZE<\/code>\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u8c03\u6574\u81ea\u52a8\u7ef4\u62a4\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n
autovacuum = on\nautovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor = 0.1\nautovacuum_analyze_scale_factor = 0.05\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u7ec4\u53c2\u6570\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u8868\u4e2d\u7ea6 10% \u6570\u636e\u53d8\u6210\u53ef\u56de\u6536\u65e7\u7248\u672c\u65f6\u89e6\u53d1\u6e05\u7406\uff0c\u7ea6 5% \u6570\u636e\u53d8\u5316\u540e\u66f4\u65b0\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8ba2\u5355\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u6d88\u606f\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9ad8\u5199\u5165\u8868\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5355\u72ec\u8bbe\u7f6e\u66f4\u4f4e\u9608\u503c\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u843d\u540e\u4e8e\u4e1a\u52a1\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n
\"PostgreSQL<\/p>\n
\u628a\u6392\u969c\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fa\u5316\u6210\u65e5\u5e38\u76d1\u63a7<\/h2>\n
\u4e00\u6b21\u6392\u969c\u53ea\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u5f53\u4e0b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u76d1\u63a7\u95ed\u73af\u624d\u80fd\u8ba9\u56e2\u961f\u63d0\u524d\u53d1\u73b0\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u542f\u7528 pg_stat_statements<\/code>\uff0c\u628a\u5e73\u5747\u8017\u65f6\u3001\u8c03\u7528\u6b21\u6570\u3001\u603b\u8017\u65f6\u548c\u8fd4\u56de\u884c\u6570\u7eb3\u5165\u5468\u62a5\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\u201c\u5355\u6b21\u5f88\u6162\u4f46\u5076\u53d1\u201d\u7684 SQL \u548c\u201c\u6bcf\u6b21\u4e0d\u7b97\u6162\u4f46\u6bcf\u5929\u6267\u884c 10 \u4e07\u6b21\u201d\u7684 SQL\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u66f4\u503c\u5f97\u4f18\u5148\u4f18\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n
SELECT query, calls, total_exec_time, mean_exec_time\nFROM pg_stat_statements\nORDER BY total_exec_time DESC\nLIMIT 10;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u76d1\u63a7\u4e2d\u81f3\u5c11\u4fdd\u7559\u56db\u7c7b\u6307\u6807\uff1a\u6162\u67e5\u8be2 Top 10\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\u3001\u6b7b\u5143\u7ec4\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u82e5\u4f60\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u505a\u7f51\u7ad9\u524d\u7aef\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8017\u65f6\u4e0e\u9875\u9762 TTFB\uff08\u9996\u5b57\u8282\u65f6\u95f4\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u53ea\u4f18\u5316\u9875\u9762\u8d44\u6e90\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u540e\u7aef\u67e5\u8be2\u74f6\u9888\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u6574\u4f53\u7f51\u7ad9\u54cd\u5e94\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb TTFB \u4f18\u5316\u6307\u5357<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n
\"PostgreSQL<\/p>\n
\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u5efa\u8bae\u6309\u8bc1\u636e\u94fe\u5904\u7406 PostgreSQL \u6162\u67e5\u8be2<\/h2>\n
\u603b\u7ed3\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cPostgreSQL \u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u6392\u969c\u5e94\u6309\u201c\u65e5\u5fd7\u5b9a\u4f4d \u2192 \u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212 \u2192 \u7d22\u5f15\u9a8c\u8bc1 \u2192 \u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u68c0\u67e5 \u2192 \u76d1\u63a7\u590d\u76d8\u201d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u63a8\u8fdb\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u597d\u5904\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u628a\u6240\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u786c\u4ef6\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u76f2\u76ee\u52a0\u7d22\u5f15\u5f15\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u5199\u5165\u538b\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u843d\u5730\u8fd9\u5957\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5148\u9009\u62e9 3 \u6761\u603b\u8017\u65f6\u6700\u9ad8\u7684 SQL \u505a\u8bd5\u70b9\uff1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u4f18\u5316\u524d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u8c03\u6574\u7d22\u5f15\u6216\u67e5\u8be2\u540e\u518d\u6b21\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u5e73\u5747\u8017\u65f6\u53d8\u5316\u5199\u5165\u53d8\u66f4\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u548c\u4e1a\u52a1\u7ad9\u70b9\u7684\u56e2\u961f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651 Hostease \u7684 VPS\uff08\u865a\u62df\u4e13\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff09\u65b9\u6848<\/a>\uff0c\u518d\u914d\u5408\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u548c\u5b9a\u671f\u7ef4\u62a4\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u56f4\u7ed5\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u6392\u969c\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u8bb2\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u7528 EXPLAIN\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u548c\u76d1\u63a7\u6307\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d PostgreSQL \u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u76f2\u76ee\u8c03\u53c2\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":31520,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4099],"tags":[4404,4403,4402,4587,4586],"class_list":["post-31525","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tutorials","tag-explainanalyze","tag-pgbouncer","tag-postgresql","tag-4587","tag-4586"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/postgresql-guide-optimization-practical-cover.webp","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31525","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31525"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31525\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31955,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31525\/revisions\/31955"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31520"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31525"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31525"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31525"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}