{"id":31214,"date":"2026-06-21T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-06-21T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/?p=31214"},"modified":"2026-06-21T11:41:41","modified_gmt":"2026-06-21T03:41:41","slug":"nginx-reverse-proxy-load-balancing-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/server\/nginx-reverse-proxy-load-balancing-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Nginx \u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u4e0e\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u914d\u7f6e\u5b9e\u6218\uff1a\u4ece\u5355\u7ad9\u70b9\u5230\u591a\u7ad9\u70b9\u67b6\u6784"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5f88\u591a\u7ad9\u957f\u5728\u642d\u5efa\u7f51\u7ad9\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u8ba9\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u540c\u65f6\u6258\u7ba1\u591a\u4e2a\u7ad9\u70b9\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u6d41\u91cf\u5408\u7406\u5206\u914d\u5230\u591a\u53f0\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\uff1f<\/strong>\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5c06\u5e26\u4f60\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u638c\u63e1Nginx\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u4e0e\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u6784\u5efa\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u7684Web\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u662f\u521a\u63a5\u89e6\u8fd0\u7ef4\u7684\u65b0\u624b\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u60f3\u8981\u4f18\u5316\u73b0\u6709\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u4ece\u672c\u6307\u5357\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u5b83\uff1f<\/h2>\n

\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406<\/strong>\u4f4d\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5411\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u7531\u5b83\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9\u540e\u7aef\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u518d\u628a\u54cd\u5e94\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u53ea\u4e0e\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4ef7\u503c\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u9690\u85cf\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u771f\u5b9eIP\u5730\u5740\u63d0\u5347\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u5904\u7406SSL\uff08\u5b89\u5168\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5c42\uff09\u8bc1\u4e66\u5378\u8f7d\u8ba9\u540e\u7aef\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b9e\u73b0\u8bf7\u6c42\u7f13\u5b58\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528VPS\uff08\u865a\u62df\u4e13\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff09\u6258\u7ba1\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u914d\u7f6eNginx\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u80fd\u6781\u5927\u63d0\u5347\u7ad9\u70b9\u7ba1\u7406\u6548\u7387\u3002\u50cfHostease\u7684VPS\u65b9\u6848<\/a>\u5c31\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u642d\u5efa\u8fd9\u7c7b\u67b6\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n

Nginx\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u57fa\u7840\u914d\u7f6e<\/h2>\n

\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u597dNginx\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n

server { listen 80; server_name example.com; location \/ { proxy_pass http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8080; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } }<\/code><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6bb5\u914d\u7f6e\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee example.com<\/code> \u65f6\uff0cNginx\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u672c\u57308080\u7aef\u53e3\u3002proxy_set_header<\/code> \u6307\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u4f20\u9012\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u771f\u5b9e\u4fe1\u606f\u7ed9\u540e\u7aef\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6821\u9a8c\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u5173\u952e\u3002\u914d\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u7528 nginx -t<\/code> \u68c0\u67e5\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u518d\u6267\u884c nginx -s reload<\/code> \u751f\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5355\u7ad9\u70b9\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\u7684SSL\u914d\u7f6e<\/h2>\n

\u542f\u7528HTTPS\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u6807\u914d\u3002Nginx\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\u96c6\u4e2d\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5728\u4ee3\u7406\u5c42\u914d\u7f6e\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u540e\u7aef\u65e0\u9700\u91cd\u590d\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n

server { listen 443 ssl; server_name example.com; ssl_certificate \/etc\/nginx\/ssl\/example.com.crt; ssl_certificate_key \/etc\/nginx\/ssl\/example.com.key; location \/ { proxy_pass http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8080; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme; } }<\/code><\/p>\n

\u5efa\u8bae\u540c\u65f6\u914d\u7f6eHTTP\u5230HTTPS\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u8df3\u8f6c\uff1a\u5728Nginx\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684server\u5757\uff0c\u76d1\u542c80\u7aef\u53e3\u5e76\u6267\u884c301\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u8bc1\u4e66\u83b7\u53d6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u514d\u8d39\u7684Let’s Encrypt\u6216\u5546\u4e1a\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4e3b\u673a\u5546\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u65b9\u6848\u5df2\u5305\u542b\u514d\u8d39SSL\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u65b9\u6848<\/a>\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u591a\u7ad9\u70b9\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u914d\u7f6e<\/h2>\n

\u5f53\u4e00\u53f0VPS\u9700\u8981\u6258\u7ba1\u591a\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u65f6\uff0cserver_name<\/code> \u6307\u4ee4\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u7684Host\u5934\u5c06\u6d41\u91cf\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u540e\u7aef\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ad9\u70b9\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u57df\u540d\uff0cNginx\u81ea\u52a8\u8def\u7531\uff1a<\/p>\n

server { listen 80; server_name site-a.com; location \/ { proxy_pass http:\/\/127.0.0.1:3000; } } server { listen 80; server_name site-b.com; location \/ { proxy_pass http:\/\/127.0.0.1:4000; } }<\/code><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8ba9\u4f60\u5728\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884cNode.js\u3001Python\u3001Java\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u6280\u672f\u6808\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u7531Nginx\u7edf\u4e00\u5bf9\u5916\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u7ba1\u7406\u6280\u5de7\u53ef\u67e5\u770b\u7f51\u7ad9\u7ba1\u7406\u5b9e\u7528\u6280\u5de7<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7406\u89e3\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861<\/h2>\n

\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861<\/strong>\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u53d1\u5230\u591a\u53f0\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5355\u70b9\u8fc7\u8f7d\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6574\u4f53\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u67d0\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u51fa\u73b0\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668\u4e5f\u80fd\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06\u6d41\u91cf\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

Nginx\u5929\u7136\u5177\u5907\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5e38\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u8f6e\u8be2\uff08Round Robin\uff09<\/strong>\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u4f9d\u6b21\u5206\u914d\u3002\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

upstream backend { server 192.168.1.10:8080; server 192.168.1.11:8080; server 192.168.1.12:8080; }<\/code><\/p>\n

\u52a0\u6743\u8f6e\u8be2<\/strong>\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u540e\u7aef\u6027\u80fd\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5206\u914d\u66f4\u9ad8\u6743\u91cd\uff1aserver 192.168.1.10:8080 weight=3;<\/code><\/p>\n

IP\u54c8\u5e0c\uff08ip_hash\uff09<\/strong>\u4fdd\u8bc1\u540c\u4e00\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u59cb\u7ec8\u8bbf\u95ee\u540c\u4e00\u53f0\u540e\u7aef\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fdd\u6301\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u6700\u5c11\u8fde\u63a5\uff08least_conn\uff09<\/strong>\u5219\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u5f53\u524d\u6d3b\u8dc3\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee\u5f02\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u4e0e\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb<\/h2>\n

\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u4e0d\u80fd\u7f3a\u5c11\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u3002Nginx\u901a\u8fc7 max_fails<\/code> \u548c fail_timeout<\/code> \u53c2\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u88ab\u52a8\u6545\u969c\u68c0\u6d4b\uff1aserver 192.168.1.10:8080 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;<\/code> \u8868\u793a30\u79d2\u5185\u8fde\u7eed\u5931\u8d253\u6b21\u5c31\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u3002\u6807\u8bb0 backup<\/code> \u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ec5\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5168\u90e8\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u65f6\u542f\u7528\uff0c\u8d77\u5230\u707e\u5907\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u5408CDN\u4f18\u5316\u67b6\u6784<\/h2>\n

\u5b9e\u9645\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\uff0cNginx\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4e0eCDN\uff08\u5185\u5bb9\u5206\u53d1\u7f51\u7edc\uff09\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002CDN\u8d1f\u8d23\u7f13\u5b58\u548c\u5206\u53d1\u9759\u6001\u8d44\u6e90\u51cf\u8f7b\u6e90\u7ad9\u538b\u529b\uff0cNginx\u8d1f\u8d23\u52a8\u6001\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u548c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u5c42\u67b6\u6784\u80fd\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u53ef\u53c2\u8003CDN\u52a0\u901f\u4f18\u5316\u8be6\u89e3<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u5efa\u8bae<\/h2>\n

\u5b8c\u6210\u57fa\u672c\u914d\u7f6e\u540e\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u4f18\u5316\u624b\u6bb5\u503c\u5f97\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002\u5f00\u542f proxy_buffering on<\/code> \u8ba9Nginx\u5c06\u540e\u7aef\u54cd\u5e94\u7f13\u5b58\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u518d\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6162\u901f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u5360\u7528\u540e\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5728upstream\u5757\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0 keepalive 32<\/code> \u5b9e\u73b0\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u590d\u7528\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u9891\u7e41\u5efa\u7acbTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u542f\u7528Gzip\u538b\u7f29\u3001\u5408\u7406\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u8c03\u4f18\u624b\u6bb5\u7d2f\u79ef\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u80fd\u8ba9\u4f60\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u5728\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u4f9d\u7136\u4fdd\u6301\u6d41\u7545\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u6392\u67e5\uff1a502\u9519\u8bef\u901a\u5e38\u610f\u5473\u7740Nginx\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\u7aef\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u5426\u8fd0\u884c\u3001\u7aef\u53e3\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\uff1b504\u9519\u8bef\u8868\u793a\u540e\u7aef\u54cd\u5e94\u8d85\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u589e\u5927 proxy_read_timeout<\/code> \u503c\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u6587\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u5bf9Nginx\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u4e0e\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u6709\u4e86\u5168\u9762\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u4ece\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5355\u7ad9\u70b9\u4ee3\u7406\u5230\u591a\u7ad9\u70b9\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7b56\u7565\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u5c06\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u5957\u7a33\u5b9a\u9ad8\u6548\u7684Web\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u53f0\u53ef\u9760\u7684VPS\uff08\u865a\u62df\u4e13\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff09\u6765\u90e8\u7f72\u8fd9\u4e9b\u914d\u7f6e\uff0cHostease<\/strong>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5408\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u6765\u5feb\u901f\u4e0a\u624b\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/p>\n

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