{"id":31129,"date":"2026-06-11T14:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-06-11T06:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/?p=31129"},"modified":"2026-06-15T16:16:27","modified_gmt":"2026-06-15T08:16:27","slug":"nginx-performance-tuning-checklist","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/guides\/nginx-performance-tuning-checklist\/","title":{"rendered":"Nginx \u6027\u80fd\u8c03\u4f18\u6e05\u5355\uff1aworker\u3001\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e0e keepalive \u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f60\u7684 Nginx \u9ed8\u8ba4\u914d\u7f6e\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u4f18\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p>\u521a\u88c5\u597d\u7684 Nginx\uff0c\u7528\u8d77\u6765\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u6ca1\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014\u76f4\u5230\u67d0\u5929\u6d41\u91cf\u7a81\u7136\u4e0a\u6765\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9875\u9762\u6253\u5f00\u53d8\u6162\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u91cc\u9891\u7e41\u51fa\u73b0 502\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668 CPU \u6ca1\u600e\u4e48\u6da8\u4f46\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u5df2\u7ecf\u7206\u4e86\u3002\u7ffb\u4e00\u904d nginx.conf\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u51fa\u5382\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff1a<code>worker_processes 1<\/code>\u3001<code>worker_connections 512<\/code>\u3001\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5168\u90e8\u6ce8\u91ca\u7740\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u914d\u7f6e\u662f Nginx \u9762\u5411&#8221;\u80fd\u7528&#8221;\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u9762\u5411&#8221;\u597d\u7528&#8221;\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\u4e00\u53f0 8 \u6838 16G \u7684\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5982\u679c worker \u8fd8\u662f 1\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e 7 \u4e2a\u6838\u5728\u7761\u89c9\uff1b\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u592a\u5c0f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u90fd\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u78c1\u76d8 I\/O\uff1bkeepalive \u6ca1\u5f00\uff0cTCP \u63e1\u624b\u53cd\u590d\u91cd\u5efa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7ed9\u4f60\u4e00\u4efd\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u843d\u5730\u7684 <strong>Nginx \u6027\u80fd\u8c03\u4f18\u6e05\u5355<\/strong>\uff0c\u8986\u76d6 worker \u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3001keepalive\u3001Gzip \u538b\u7f29\u56db\u5927\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u7528\u538b\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4f18\u5316\u6548\u679c\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u662f\u5728 <a href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/unlimited-hosting\">Hostease \u5168\u80fd\u578b\u4e3b\u673a<\/a> \u4e0a\u8dd1 WordPress\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u81ea\u5efa\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u90e8\u7f72\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8c03\u4f18\u601d\u8def\u90fd\u9002\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8c03\u4f18\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u660e\u786e\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u63d0\uff1aNginx \u7684\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u5728 CPU\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u7ba1\u7406\u548c I\/O\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6293\u4f4f\u8c03\u4f18\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1aworker_processes \u4e0e worker_connections<\/h2>\n<p>\u521d\u6b21\u63a5\u89e6 Nginx \u914d\u7f6e\uff1f\u5efa\u8bae\u5148\u9605\u8bfb <a href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/vps\/\">VPS \u4f7f\u7528\u6559\u7a0b<\/a>\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u57fa\u7840\u73af\u5883\u5c31\u7eea\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>worker_processes \u8bbe\u591a\u5c11\u5408\u9002\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p><code>worker_processes<\/code> \u63a7\u5236 Nginx \u542f\u52a8\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a worker \u662f\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e92\u76f8\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u9501\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u8fd9\u662f Nginx \u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8c03\u4f18\u539f\u5219\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>CPU \u5bc6\u96c6\u578b<\/strong>\uff08\u9759\u6001\u6587\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1\uff09\uff1a\u8bbe\u4e3a CPU \u6838\u5fc3\u6570<\/li>\n<li><strong>IO \u5bc6\u96c6\u578b<\/strong>\uff08\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u3001PHP-FPM\uff09\uff1a\u8bbe\u4e3a CPU \u6838\u5fc3\u6570\u7684 1.5~2 \u500d<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5077\u61d2\u65b9\u6848<\/strong>\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbe <code>auto<\/code>\uff0c\u8ba9 Nginx \u81ea\u52a8\u68c0\u6d4b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code># \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf\nworker_processes auto;  # \u81ea\u52a8\u5339\u914d CPU \u6838\u5fc3\u6570\nworker_rlimit_nofile 65535;  # \u63d0\u9ad8\u6bcf\u4e2a worker \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u4e0a\u9650\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code>worker_rlimit_nofile<\/code> \u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u5b83\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6bcf\u4e2a worker \u8fdb\u7a0b\u80fd\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u627f\u8f7d\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u5fc5\u987b\u5927\u4e8e <code>worker_connections<\/code>\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u62a5 <code>too many open files<\/code> \u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>worker_connections \u5230\u5e95\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e2a worker \u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u3002\u5b83\u76f4\u63a5\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86 Nginx \u7684\u6700\u5927\u5e76\u53d1\u80fd\u529b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>\u6700\u5927\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5 = worker_processes \u00d7 worker_connections\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5982\u679c Nginx \u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f1a\u5360\u7528 <strong>2 \u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong>\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5230 Nginx\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a Nginx \u5230\u540e\u7aef\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b9e\u9645\u6700\u5927\u5e76\u53d1\u8981\u9664\u4ee5 2\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684 <code>worker_connections<\/code> \u8bbe\u4e3a 1024\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u53ea\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u670d\u52a1 512 \u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code>events {\n    worker_connections 10240;  # \u6bcf\u4e2a worker \u6700\u591a 10240 \u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\n    multi_accept on;           # \u4e00\u6b21 accept \u591a\u4e2a\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\n    use epoll;                 # Linux \u4e0b\u6700\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6a21\u578b\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code>multi_accept on<\/code> \u8ba9 worker \u4e00\u6b21 accept \u591a\u4e2a\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u53ea accept \u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u5728\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u80fd\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c11\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002<\/p>\n<p><code>use epoll<\/code> \u662f Linux 2.6+ \u5185\u6838\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u4f20\u7edf\u7684 <code>select<\/code> \u548c <code>poll<\/code>\uff0cepoll \u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u52bf\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u522b\u5fd8\u4e86\u68c0\u67e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u9650\u5236\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code># \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u9650\u5236\nulimit -n\n\n# \u4e34\u65f6\u4fee\u6539\nulimit -n 65535\n\n# \u6c38\u4e45\u4fee\u6539 \/etc\/security\/limits.conf\n* soft nofile 65535\n* hard nofile 65535\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4fee\u6539\u5b8c <code>limits.conf<\/code> \u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u767b\u5f55 SSH \u4f1a\u8bdd\u624d\u80fd\u751f\u6548\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 <code>ulimit -n<\/code> \u9a8c\u8bc1\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1a\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u914d\u7f6e<\/h2>\n<p>\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u662f Nginx \u6027\u80fd\u8c03\u4f18\u4e2d\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u3001\u4e5f\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u6548\u679c\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u914d\u7f6e\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u78c1\u76d8 I\/O\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u7f13\u51b2\u533a<\/h3>\n<p>Nginx \u63a5\u6536\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u628a\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53\u6682\u5b58\u5728\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u91cc\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u653e\u4e0d\u4e0b\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u78c1\u76d8 I\/O\uff0c\u800c\u78c1\u76d8 I\/O \u662f\u6027\u80fd\u6740\u624b\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code>http {\n    client_body_buffer_size 16k;      # \u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff0c\u4e00\u822c 8k~32k\n    client_header_buffer_size 1k;     # \u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\n    large_client_header_buffers 4 8k; # \u5927\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u5355\u4e2a\u5927\u5c0f\n    client_max_body_size 50m;         # \u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4e0a\u4f20\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code>client_body_buffer_size<\/code> \u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5e94\u8be5\u6839\u636e\u4f60\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6765\u5b9a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4f20\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9002\u5f53\u589e\u5927\u5230 128k \u6216 256k\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684 API \u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53\u90fd\u5f88\u5c0f\uff08\u6bd4\u5982 JSON \u6570\u636e\uff09\uff0c16k \u5c31\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><code>large_client_header_buffers<\/code> \u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u643a\u5e26\u957f Cookie \u6216\u590d\u6742 Authorization \u5934\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a <code>4 8k<\/code> \u610f\u5473\u7740\u6700\u591a 4 \u4e2a 8k \u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff0c\u603b\u5171 32k\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4ee3\u7406\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff08proxy_buffer\uff09<\/h3>\n<p>Nginx \u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5148\u628a\u540e\u7aef\u54cd\u5e94\u8bfb\u5165\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff0c\u518d\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u592a\u5c0f\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u9891\u7e41\u5199\u5165\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u663e\u8457\u589e\u52a0\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code>server {\n    location \/api\/ {\n        proxy_pass http:\/\/backend;\n\n        proxy_buffering on;                    # \u5f00\u542f\u4ee3\u7406\u7f13\u51b2\n        proxy_buffer_size 4k;                  # \u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u54cd\u5e94\uff08header\uff09\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\n        proxy_buffers 8 16k;                   # 8 \u4e2a 16k \u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\n        proxy_busy_buffers_size 32k;           # \u7e41\u5fd9\u65f6\u53ef\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5927\u5c0f\n        proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;        # \u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u5199\u5165\u5757\u5927\u5c0f\n    }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code>proxy_buffer_size<\/code> \u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u63a5\u6536\u540e\u7aef\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u4e00\u822c\u8bbe\u4e3a 4k \u5c31\u591f\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u540e\u7aef\u8fd4\u56de\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u5305\u542b\u5f88\u591a Set-Cookie\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u5927\u5230 8k \u6216 16k\u3002<\/p>\n<p><code>proxy_buffers<\/code> \u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u662f <code>\u6570\u91cf \u5355\u4e2a\u5927\u5c0f<\/code>\u3002\u603b\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5927\u5c0f = \u6570\u91cf \u00d7 \u5355\u4e2a\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a <code>8 16k<\/code> \u610f\u5473\u7740\u603b\u5171\u6709 128k \u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6765\u63a5\u6536\u540e\u7aef\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>FastCGI \u7f13\u51b2\u533a<\/h3>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7528 Nginx + PHP-FPM\uff0cFastCGI \u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd PHP \u9875\u9762\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>location ~ \\.php$ {\n    fastcgi_pass unix:\/run\/php\/php8.2-fpm.sock;\n    fastcgi_buffering on;\n    fastcgi_buffer_size 16k;\n    fastcgi_buffers 16 16k;\n    fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 32k;\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>PHP \u9875\u9762\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u7eaf\u9759\u6001\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 FastCGI \u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5e94\u8be5\u6bd4 proxy_buffer \u66f4\u5927\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002<code>16 16k<\/code> \u610f\u5473\u7740\u603b\u5171 256k \u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570 PHP \u5e94\u7528\uff08WordPress\u3001Drupal \u7b49\uff09\u5df2\u7ecf\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f Hostease \u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u9762\u677f\u901a\u5e38\u5df2\u7ecf\u9884\u8bbe\u4e86\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff0c\u4f46\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u4e86\u89e3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u505a\u51fa\u6700\u9002\u5408\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\uff1akeepalive \u8d85\u65f6\u4e0e\u8fde\u63a5\u590d\u7528<\/h2>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u540c\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c WordPress \u7ad9\u70b9\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/wordpress-hosting\/\">WordPress \u6258\u7ba1\u65b9\u6848<\/a> \u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86 Nginx \u4e0e PHP-FPM \u7684\u4f18\u5316\u9884\u8bbe\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>HTTP\/1.0 \u9ed8\u8ba4\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u90fd\u8981\u65b0\u5efa TCP \u8fde\u63a5\uff0cHTTP\/1.1 \u624d\u6709\u4e86 <code>keep-alive<\/code> \u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4f46 Nginx \u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684 keepalive \u914d\u7f6e\u975e\u5e38\u4fdd\u5b88\uff0c\u8c03\u4f18\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f88\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4fa7 keepalive<\/h3>\n<pre><code>http {\n    keepalive_timeout 65s;    # \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef keepalive \u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\n    keepalive_requests 1000;  # \u4e00\u4e2a keepalive \u8fde\u63a5\u4e0a\u6700\u591a\u5904\u7406\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li><code>keepalive_timeout<\/code> \u8bbe\u5f97\u592a\u77ed\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u9891\u7e41\u65ad\u5f00\u91cd\u5efa\uff1b\u8bbe\u5f97\u592a\u957f\uff0c\u4f1a\u5360\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u7a7a\u95f2\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u6d6a\u8d39\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>keepalive_requests<\/code> \u9ed8\u8ba4 1000\uff0c\u5bf9\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7ad9\u70b9\u8db3\u591f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u9875\u9762\u6709\u5927\u91cf AJAX \u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9002\u5f53\u589e\u5927\u5230 2000 \u6216 3000\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u4e0a\u6e38\uff08upstream\uff09keepalive<\/h3>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684 Nginx \u8fde\u63a5\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\uff08PHP-FPM\u3001Node.js\u3001Java\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u914d\u7f6e upstream \u7684 keepalive\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>upstream backend {\n    server 127.0.0.1:8080;\n    server 127.0.0.1:8081;\n\n    keepalive 32;               # \u6bcf\u4e2a worker \u4fdd\u6301 32 \u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f2\u957f\u8fde\u63a5\n    keepalive_requests 1000;\n    keepalive_timeout 60s;\n}\n\nserver {\n    location \/api\/ {\n        proxy_pass http:\/\/backend;\n        proxy_http_version 1.1;              # \u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528 HTTP\/1.1\n        proxy_set_header Connection \"\";       # \u6e05\u9664 Connection: close\n    }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5173\u952e\u70b9\uff1a\u5fc5\u987b\u663e\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e <code>proxy_http_version 1.1<\/code> \u548c\u6e05\u9664 <code>Connection<\/code> \u5934\uff0c\u5426\u5219 keepalive \u4e0d\u751f\u6548\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a HTTP\/1.0 \u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u77ed\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u800c Nginx \u7684 <code>proxy_set_header Connection \"\"<\/code> \u4f1a\u544a\u8bc9\u540e\u7aef\u4e0d\u8981\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><code>keepalive 32<\/code> \u7684\u542b\u4e49\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a worker \u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fdd\u6301 32 \u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f2\u957f\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u540e\u7aef\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u5e94\u8be5\u6839\u636e\u4f60\u7684\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u5e76\u53d1\u91cf\u6765\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u5982\u679c\u540e\u7aef\u662f PHP-FPM\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u8bbe\u4e3a 16~32\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u662f Node.js \u6216 Java \u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u4e3a 64~128\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\uff1aGzip \u538b\u7f29\u3001\u9759\u6001\u6587\u4ef6\u7f13\u5b58\u4e0e\u65e5\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316<\/h2>\n<h3>\u542f\u7528 Gzip \u538b\u7f29<\/h3>\n<p>\u5f00\u542f Gzip \u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5e45\u51cf\u5c11\u4f20\u8f93\u4f53\u79ef\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5bf9 HTML\u3001CSS\u3001JS\u3001JSON \u6548\u679c\u663e\u8457\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>http {\n    gzip on;\n    gzip_vary on;                    # \u6dfb\u52a0 Vary: Accept-Encoding \u5934\n    gzip_proxied any;                # \u4ee3\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e5f\u538b\u7f29\n    gzip_comp_level 4;               # \u538b\u7f29\u7ea7\u522b 1~9\uff0c\u63a8\u8350 4~6\n    gzip_min_length 256;             # \u5c0f\u4e8e 256 \u5b57\u8282\u4e0d\u538b\u7f29\n    gzip_types\n        text\/plain\n        text\/css\n        text\/javascript\n        application\/json\n        application\/javascript\n        application\/xml\n        application\/rss+xml\n        image\/svg+xml;\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u538b\u7f29\u7ea7\u522b\uff08<code>gzip_comp_level<\/code>\uff09\u4ece 1 \u5230 9\uff0c\u7ea7\u522b\u8d8a\u9ad8\u538b\u7f29\u7387\u8d8a\u597d\u4f46 CPU \u5f00\u9500\u4e5f\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7ea7\u522b 4 \u548c\u7ea7\u522b 9 \u7684\u538b\u7f29\u7387\u5dee\u8ddd\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7 5%\uff0c\u4f46 CPU \u5dee\u8ddd\u53ef\u8fbe 3~4 \u500d\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a <strong>4~6<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><code>gzip_min_length 256<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u53ea\u6709\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u5927\u4e8e 256 \u5b57\u8282\u624d\u538b\u7f29\u3002\u5c0f\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u53ef\u80fd\u53cd\u800c\u66f4\u5927\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a gzip \u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5934\u90e8\u5f00\u9500\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u9759\u6001\u6587\u4ef6\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7f13\u5b58<\/h3>\n<p>\u8ba9\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7f13\u5b58\u9759\u6001\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5e45\u51cf\u5c11\u91cd\u590d\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>location ~* \\.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|css|js|woff2|ttf)$ {\n    expires 30d;                     # \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7f13\u5b58 30 \u5929\n    add_header Cache-Control \"public, immutable\";\n    access_log off;                  # \u5173\u95ed\u9759\u6001\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code>immutable<\/code> \u544a\u8bc9\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e26\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u7684\u9759\u6001\u8d44\u6e90\uff08\u5982 <code>style.abc123.css<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u7279\u522b\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u65e5\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316<\/h3>\n<p>\u9ad8\u9891\u8bbf\u95ee\u7ad9\u70b9\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5199\u5165\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd IO \u5f00\u9500\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u9762\u5173\u95ed\u9759\u6001\u8d44\u6e90\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u6574\u65e5\u5fd7\u7f13\u51b2\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>access_log \/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log main buffer=32k flush=5s;\nerror_log \/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log warn;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code>buffer=32k<\/code> \u8ba9\u65e5\u5fd7\u5148\u5199\u5165\u5185\u5b58\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff0c\u6bcf 32k \u6216\u6bcf 5 \u79d2\u624d\u5237\u4e00\u6b21\u78c1\u76d8\uff0c\u663e\u8457\u964d\u4f4e\u78c1\u76d8\u5199\u5165\u9891\u7387\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65e5\u5fd7\u91cf\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u7ad9\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f18\u5316\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11 80% \u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u78c1\u76d8 I\/O\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u4e34\u65f6\u7981\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u538b\u6d4b\u671f\u95f4\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e <code>access_log off;<\/code>\uff0c\u4f46\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u5efa\u8bae\u4fdd\u7559\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7f13\u51b2\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u5199\u5165\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\uff1a\u538b\u6d4b\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e0e\u6548\u679c\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h2>\n<p>\u8c03\u5b8c\u53c2\u6570\u8981\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u63a8\u8350\u4e24\u4e2a\u538b\u6d4b\u5de5\u5177\uff1a<strong>wrk<\/strong> \u548c <strong>ab<\/strong>\uff08Apache Bench\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4f7f\u7528 wrk \u538b\u6d4b<\/h3>\n<pre><code># \u5b89\u88c5\nsudo apt install wrk\n\n# 4 \u7ebf\u7a0b\u30011000 \u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u6301\u7eed 30 \u79d2\nwrk -t4 -c1000 -d30s http:\/\/your-server\/\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>wrk \u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u662f\u652f\u6301 Lua \u811a\u672c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u573a\u666f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u6d4b\u8bd5 POST \u8bf7\u6c42\u6216\u5e26 Cookie \u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0cwrk \u662f\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4f7f\u7528 ab \u538b\u6d4b<\/h3>\n<pre><code># \u53d1\u8d77 10000 \u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1 500\nab -n 10000 -c 500 http:\/\/your-server\/\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>ab \u662f Apache \u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u538b\u6d4b\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5feb\u901f\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u4f46 ab \u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7 1000 \u5e76\u53d1\u65f6\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u538b\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u89c2\u770b\u5230\u5404\u9879\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u66f4\u591a\u66f4\u591a\u8fd0\u7ef4\u6280\u5de7\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003 <a href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/server\/\">\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd0\u7ef4\u6307\u5357<\/a> \u4e2d\u7684\u7cfb\u5217\u6559\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u66f4\u591a\u9009\u8d2d\u6307\u5357\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003 <a href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/hosting-guide\/\" class=\"broken_link\">\u4e3b\u673a\u9009\u8d2d\u6307\u5357<\/a> \u4e2d\u7684\u7cfb\u5217\u6559\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u603b\u7ed3\u6e05\u5355<\/h2>\n<p>\u628a\u672c\u6587\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u914d\u7f6e\u6c47\u603b\u6210\u4e00\u5f20\u6e05\u5355\uff0c\u4f9b\u4f60\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u7167\u4fee\u6539\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>worker_processes<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bbe\u4e3a <code>auto<\/code> \u6216 CPU \u6838\u5fc3\u6570<\/li>\n<li><strong>worker_connections<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bbe\u4e3a 10240+\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fee\u6539\u7cfb\u7edf ulimit<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 <code>epoll<\/code> + <code>multi_accept on<\/code><\/li>\n<li><strong>client_body_buffer_size<\/strong>\uff1a16k~32k<\/li>\n<li><strong>proxy_buffers<\/strong>\uff1a8 \u4e2a 16k\uff08\u6839\u636e\u540e\u7aef\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u5927\u5c0f\u8c03\u6574\uff09<\/li>\n<li><strong>fastcgi_buffers<\/strong>\uff1a16 \u4e2a 16k\uff08PHP \u7ad9\u70b9\uff09<\/li>\n<li><strong>keepalive_timeout<\/strong>\uff1a65s<\/li>\n<li><strong>upstream keepalive<\/strong>\uff1a32\uff08\u914d\u5408 HTTP\/1.1\uff09<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gzip \u538b\u7f29<\/strong>\uff1alevel 4\uff0cmin_length 256<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9759\u6001\u8d44\u6e90<\/strong>\uff1aexpires 30d + access_log off<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u65e5\u5fd7\u7f13\u51b2<\/strong>\uff1abuffer=32k flush=5s<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u538b\u6d4b\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/strong>\uff1awrk \u6216 ab\uff0c\u5bf9\u6bd4 QPS \u548c\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u884c\u52a8\u5efa\u8bae<\/strong>\uff1a\u5148\u7528 <code>nginx -T<\/code> \u5bfc\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u5b8c\u6574\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5bf9\u7167\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u6e05\u5355\u9010\u9879\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u6bcf\u6539\u4e00\u9879\u5c31\u538b\u6d4b\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u6548\u679c\u3002\u6027\u80fd\u8c03\u4f18\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6301\u7eed\u89c2\u5bdf\u3001\u6301\u7eed\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u8bbf\u95ee <a href=\"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\">Hostease \u4e2d\u6587\u535a\u5ba2<\/a>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6301\u7eed\u5206\u4eab\u5efa\u7ad9\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nginx \u6027\u80fd\u8c03\u4f18\u5b9e\u6218\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6 worker \u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5927\u5c0f\u3001keepalive \u8d85\u65f6\u3001Gzip \u538b\u7f29\u7b49\u6838\u5fc3\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u538b\u6d4b\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":31171,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3822],"tags":[4396,393,4395,3976],"class_list":["post-31129","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guides","tag-keepalive","tag-nginx","tag-worker","tag-category"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/31129_nginx-performance-tuning-checklist-cover.webp","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31129","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31129"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31129\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31151,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31129\/revisions\/31151"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31171"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31129"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31129"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31129"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}