{"id":30830,"date":"2026-05-20T18:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-05-20T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/?p=30830"},"modified":"2026-05-17T07:19:58","modified_gmt":"2026-05-16T23:19:58","slug":"postfix-dovecot-server","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cn.hostease.com\/blog\/server\/postfix-dovecot-server\/","title":{"rendered":"\u81ea\u5efa Postfix Dovecot \u90ae\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b8c\u6574\u65b9\u6848"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u81ea\u5efa<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u6559\u4f60\u5728\u4e00\u53f0 VPS<\/a> \u4e0a\u4ece\u96f6\u642d\u5efa Postfix \u4e0e Dovecot \u90ae\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u8986\u76d6 SMTP \u6536\u53d1\u3001IMAP \u62c9\u53d6\u3001TLS \u8bc1\u4e66\u3001SPF DKIM DMARC \u4e09\u4ef6\u5957\u4e0e\u53cd\u5783\u573e\u90ae\u4ef6\u6392\u67e5\u3002\u8bfb\u5b8c\u4f1a\u62ff\u5230\u4e00\u4efd\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u5957\u7528\u7684\u4e3b\u914d\u7f6e\u6e05\u5355\u3001\u4e00\u4efd DNS \u8bb0\u5f55\u6a21\u677f\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4efd\u9001\u8fbe\u7387\u6392\u67e5\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u89e3\u51b3\u90ae\u4ef6\u8fdb\u5783\u573e\u7bb1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u81ea\u5efa\u90ae\u4ef6\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6258\u7ba1<\/h2>\n

Gmail\u3001Outlook \u7b49\u6258\u7ba1\u90ae\u7bb1\u7701\u4e8b\u4f46\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u786c\u4f24\uff1a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u57df\u540d\u8981\u4ed8\u8d39\u3001\u5bb9\u91cf\u53d7\u9650\u3001\u51fa\u7ad9\u901f\u7387\u88ab\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5236\u3001\u5408\u89c4\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e0d\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002\u81ea\u5efa Postfix Dovecot \u9002\u5408\u4e09\u7c7b\u573a\u666f\uff1a\u4f01\u4e1a\u81ea\u6709\u57df\u540d\u90ae\u7bb1\u3001\u8425\u9500\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u6027\u90ae\u4ef6\u3001\u5408\u89c4\u8981\u6c42\u6570\u636e\u7559\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u673a\u623f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f\uff1a\u4f60\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u5904\u7406 IP \u4fe1\u8a89\u3001SPF DKIM DMARC\u3001\u9000\u4fe1\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u53cd\u5783\u573e\u90ae\u4ef6\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8dd1\u901a\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u82b1 1-2 \u5929\uff0c\u4f46\u914d\u7f6e\u7a33\u5b9a\u540e\u7ef4\u62a4\u6210\u672c\u4e0d\u9ad8\u3002\u673a\u5668\u9009\u578b\u4e0a\u9009\u4e00\u53f0\u652f\u6301 25 \u7aef\u53e3\u51fa\u7ad9\u7684 VPS\uff08Virtual Private Server\uff0c\u865a\u62df\u4e13\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/a>\uff09\u5f88\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u4e91\u5382\u5546\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5c01 25\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u6d77\u5916\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u90e8\u7f72\u53ef\u53c2\u8003 \u7f8e\u56fd VPS \u90e8\u7f72\u6559\u7a0b<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001Postfix \u4e0e Dovecot \u7684\u5206\u5de5<\/h2>\n

Postfix \u662f MTA\uff08Mail Transfer Agent\uff0c\u90ae\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u4ee3\u7406\uff09\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u901a\u8fc7 SMTP \u534f\u8bae\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u6536\u53d1\u90ae\u4ef6\u3001\u63a5\u6536\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4ea4\u3001\u628a\u90ae\u4ef6\u6295\u9012\u5230\u672c\u5730\u90ae\u7bb1\u3002Dovecot \u662f MDA \u4e0e IMAP\/POP3 \u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u628a\u90ae\u4ef6\u5b58\u5230\u78c1\u76d8\u4ee5\u53ca\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u62c9\u53d6\u90ae\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e24\u8005\u901a\u8fc7 LMTP \u534f\u8bae\u4e32\u8054\uff1aPostfix \u6536\u5230\u7684\u5165\u7ad9\u90ae\u4ef6\u4ea4\u7ed9 Dovecot LMTP\uff0cDovecot \u5199\u5165\u5230\u7528\u6237\u7684 Maildir \u76ee\u5f55\uff1b\u7528\u6237\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u901a\u8fc7 IMAP\uff08\u7aef\u53e3 993\uff09\u4ece Dovecot \u62c9\u90ae\u4ef6\u3001\u901a\u8fc7 SMTP submission\uff08\u7aef\u53e3 587\uff09\u7ecf Postfix \u53d1\u90ae\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u7531 Dovecot SASL \u505a\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u5de5\u8ba9 SMTP \u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u89e3\u8026\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u6a2a\u5411\u6269\u5c55\u3002Web \u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u7f16\u6392\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u914d\u7f6e\u53ef\u53c2\u8003 Nginx \u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u4e0e\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u6700\u5c0f\u53ef\u7528\u914d\u7f6e\u6e05\u5355<\/h2>\n

Ubuntu \u6216 Debian \u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u88c5\u9f50\uff1apostfix\u3001postfix-mysql\u3001dovecot-imapd\u3001dovecot-lmtpd\u3001dovecot-mysql\u3002Postfix \u4e3b\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4f4d\u4e8e etc \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684 postfix\/main.cf\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u6bb5\u5305\u62ec\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3001\u57df\u540d\u3001\u76d1\u542c\u7f51\u5361\u3001\u672c\u5730\u6295\u9012\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u865a\u62df\u90ae\u7bb1\u57df\u540d\u8868\u3001\u865a\u62df\u6295\u9012\u8d70 lmtp \u8d70 unix socket\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca TLS \u8bc1\u4e66\u4e0e\u79c1\u94a5\u8def\u5f84\u6307\u5411 Let’s Encrypt \u7eed\u671f\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

master.cf \u91cc\u542f\u7528 submission \u670d\u52a1\uff08\u7aef\u53e3 587 \u5fc5\u987b TLS \u52a0\u5bc6\u3001\u5fc5\u987b SASL \u8ba4\u8bc1\uff09\uff0csmtps \u7aef\u53e3 465 \u9690\u5f0f TLS \u6309\u9700\u542f\u7528\u3002Dovecot \u7aef\u7684\u90ae\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\u5b57\u6bb5\u8bbe\u4e3a maildir \u5f62\u5f0f\u6309\u57df\u540d\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u5206\u76ee\u5f55\uff1b\u8ba4\u8bc1\u914d\u7f6e\u542f\u7528 plain \u4e0e login \u673a\u5236\u5e76\u628a\u7981\u7528\u660e\u6587\u8ba4\u8bc1\u5b57\u6bb5\u8bbe\u4e3a yes\uff0c\u5f3a\u5236 TLS \u540e\u624d\u5141\u8bb8\u5bc6\u7801\u4f20\u8f93\uff1bmaster \u914d\u7f6e\u66b4\u9732 LMTP \u7684 unix socket \u7ed9 Postfix \u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u6295\u9012\u95ed\u73af\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001DNS \u4e09\u4ef6\u5957\uff1aSPF DKIM DMARC<\/h2>\n

\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8dd1\u901a SMTP \u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\uff0c\u90ae\u4ef6 90% \u6982\u7387\u8fdb\u5783\u573e\u7bb1\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u505a\u5b8c DNS \u4e09\u4ef6\u5957\u624d\u80fd\u4e0a\u751f\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n

SPF<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u57df\u540d DNS\uff08Domain Name System\uff0c\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u52a0 TXT \u8bb0\u5f55 v=spf1 mx ip4:1.2.3.4 -all<\/code>\uff0c\u544a\u8bc9\u6536\u4ef6\u65b9\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b IP \u662f\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u53d1\u4ef6\u6e90\u3002-all<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u4e25\u683c\u62d2\u7edd\u5176\u4ed6 IP\uff0c~all<\/code> \u662f\u8f6f\u62d2\u7edd\uff08\u6807\u8bb0 softfail\uff09\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u4e0a\u7ebf\u5efa\u8bae ~all<\/code> \u89c2\u5bdf\u4e00\u5468\u518d\u5207 -all<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n

DKIM<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528 OpenDKIM \u6216 Rspamd \u7ed9\u6bcf\u5c01\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u90ae\u4ef6\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u516c\u94a5\u53d1\u5e03\u5230 DNS \u7684 selector._domainkey.example.com<\/code> TXT \u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u6536\u4ef6\u65b9\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7b7e\u540d\u5339\u914d\u516c\u94a5\u5c31\u8bc1\u660e\u90ae\u4ef6\u672a\u88ab\u7be1\u6539\u3002\u751f\u6210 2048 \u4f4d\u5bc6\u94a5\u540e\u628a\u516c\u94a5\u8d34\u5230 DNS\uff0c\u518d\u5728 Postfix \u7684 milter<\/code> \u914d\u7f6e\u91cc\u4e32\u5165 OpenDKIM\u3002<\/p>\n

DMARC<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u57df\u540d\u52a0 TXT \u8bb0\u5f55 v=DMARC1; p=quarantine; rua=mailto:dmarc@example.com<\/code>\uff0c\u544a\u8bc9\u6536\u4ef6\u65b9 SPF \u6216 DKIM \u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\uff08none \u89c2\u5bdf\u3001quarantine \u8fdb\u5783\u573e\u7bb1\u3001reject \u76f4\u63a5\u62d2\uff09\u3002rua \u6536\u6bcf\u65e5\u805a\u5408\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u53d1\u73b0\u4f2a\u9020\u6765\u6e90\u3002CDN\uff08Content Delivery Network\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u5206\u53d1\u7f51\u7edc\uff09\u8fb9\u7f18\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u4e5f\u5e38\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c DNS \u4fe1\u8a89\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u56de\u6e90\u52a0\u901f\u53ef\u53c2\u8003 Cloudflare CDN \u4e2d\u56fd\u533a\u52a0\u901f<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001TLS \u8bc1\u4e66\u4e0e\u7aef\u53e3\u914d\u7f6e<\/h2>\n

\u90ae\u4ef6 TLS \u7528 Let’s Encrypt \u5373\u53ef\uff0ccertbot \u81ea\u52a8\u7eed\u671f\u3002\u8bc1\u4e66\u7b7e\u53d1\u540e\u8ba9 Postfix \u7684 smtpd_tls_cert_file<\/code> \u4e0e Dovecot \u7684 ssl_cert<\/code> \u90fd\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4efd fullchain.pem \u4e0e privkey.pem\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7aef\u53e3\u89c4\u5212\uff1a25 \u7aef\u53e3\u5bf9\u5916\u505a server-to-server SMTP\uff1b587 \u7aef\u53e3\u5bf9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u505a submission\uff0c\u5f3a\u5236 STARTTLS \u4e0e SASL \u8ba4\u8bc1\uff1b465 \u7aef\u53e3\u662f\u9690\u5f0f TLS \u7684 submission\uff0c\u4e0e 587 \u4e8c\u9009\u4e00\u4fdd\u7559\u517c\u5bb9\uff1b993 \u7aef\u53e3\u5bf9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u505a IMAPS\uff1b\u660e\u6587 POP3 \u4e0e IMAP \u534f\u8bae\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u7ebf\u4e0a\u73af\u5883\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u95ed\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u660e\u6587\u5bc6\u7801\u6cc4\u9732\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u8bc1\u4e66\u7eed\u671f\u540e Postfix \u4e0e Dovecot \u9700\u8981 reload \u8ba9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u91cd\u65b0\u8bfb\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002SSH \u66b4\u529b\u7834\u89e3\u9632\u5fa1\u53ef\u53c2\u8003 Linux SSH \u4e0e Fail2ban \u52a0\u56fa<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001\u9001\u8fbe\u7387\u4e0e\u53cd\u5783\u573e\u90ae\u4ef6\u6392\u67e5<\/h2>\n

\u65b0\u642d\u7684\u90ae\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7b2c\u4e00\u5468\u9001\u8fbe\u7387\u5f80\u5f80\u5f88\u5dee\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a IP \u6ca1\u6709\u4fe1\u8a89\u3002\u6392\u67e5\u8def\u5f84\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6d4b\u9001\u8fbe<\/strong>\uff1a\u53d1\u5230 mail-tester.com \u62ff\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u6570\uff08\u6ee1\u5206 10\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60 SPF DKIM DMARC PTR \u53cd\u5411\u89e3\u6790\u3001HELO \u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u90ae\u4ef6\u6b63\u6587 spam score \u5404\u9879\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4f4e\u4e8e 8 \u5206\u522b\u4e0a\u751f\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n

PTR \u53cd\u5411\u89e3\u6790<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f60\u7684\u53d1\u4ef6 IP \u5fc5\u987b\u8bbe\u7f6e PTR \u6307\u5411 myhostname\uff0c\u4e14 myhostname \u5728 DNS \u6709\u5bf9\u5e94 A \u8bb0\u5f55\u3002VPS \u5382\u5546\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4e00\u822c\u652f\u6301\u6539 PTR\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9884\u70ed IP<\/strong>\uff1a\u65b0 IP \u76f4\u63a5\u53d1\u5927\u91cf\u90ae\u4ef6\u4f1a\u88ab Gmail \u4e0e Outlook \u9650\u6d41\u3002\u524d\u4e24\u5468\u6bcf\u5929\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6536\u4ef6\u57df\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7 50 \u5c01\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u63d0\u5347\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9ed1\u540d\u5355\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528 mxtoolbox \u67e5\u4f60\u7684 IP \u662f\u5426\u5728 Spamhaus\u3001Barracuda\u3001SpamCop \u7b49 RBL \u9ed1\u540d\u5355\u91cc\u3002\u4e2d\u62db\u4e86\u6309\u5404\u5bb6\u6d41\u7a0b\u7533\u8bc9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5934\u90e8\u6392\u67e5<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ece Gmail \u6536\u5230\u90ae\u4ef6\u540e\u67e5\u770b\u539f\u59cb\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u641c Authentication-Results<\/code> \u770b SPF DKIM DMARC \u4e09\u9879\u662f\u5426\u90fd\u662f pass\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u9879 fail \u6216 softfail \u90fd\u8981\u56de\u5934\u67e5 DNS \u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u6587\u6253\u5206<\/strong>\uff1a\u90ae\u4ef6\u6b63\u6587\u91cc\u5927\u91cf\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u611f\u53f9\u53f7\u3001\u8425\u9500\u8bcd\u3001\u77ed\u94fe\u8df3\u8f6c\u90fd\u4f1a\u62c9\u9ad8 spam score\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u6b63\u6587\u5148\u7528\u6587\u672c\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u5199\u597d\u518d\u4e22\u8fdb\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u907f\u514d HTML \u6a21\u677f\u91cc\u5939\u6742\u5947\u602a\u6837\u5f0f\u3002\u9000\u8ba2\u94fe\u63a5\u4e0e\u53d1\u4ef6\u4eba\u5730\u5740\u4e00\u81f4\u4e5f\u662f\u51cf\u5206\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e03\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u5efa\u8bae<\/h2>\n

\u81ea\u5efa\u90ae\u4ef6\u4e0d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u88c5\u4e2a\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u5305\u542b DNS\u3001IP \u4fe1\u8a89\u3001TLS\u3001\u53cd\u5783\u573e\u90ae\u4ef6\u3001\u9000\u4fe1\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u65e5\u5fd7\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u751f\u4ea7\u90e8\u7f72\u9075\u5faa\u51e0\u6761\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u65b0 IP \u52a1\u5fc5\u9884\u70ed\u4e24\u5468\u518d\u53d1\u8425\u9500\u90ae\u4ef6\uff1b\u628a DMARC \u805a\u5408\u62a5\u544a\u63a5\u5230\u4e13\u7528\u76d1\u63a7\u90ae\u7bb1\u5b9a\u671f\u5206\u6790\uff1b\u8ba2\u9605 Gmail Postmaster Tools \u4e0e Microsoft SNDS \u7b49\u53cd\u9988\u6e20\u9053\uff1b\u628a mail.log \u4e0e\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65e5\u5fd7\u63a5\u5230\u96c6\u4e2d\u65e5\u5fd7\u5e73\u53f0\u4fbf\u4e8e\u6392\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n

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